

![pysimplegui_logo](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/43165867-fe02e3b2-8f62-11e8-9fd0-cc7c86b11772.png)  
    
# 2019 - Updates are in Progress

It's been a little while getting back around to the Cookbook.  As a result, some of the information was using older design patterns and some better examples need to be included.  There have been about 1/3 of the changes made so far that need to get made, so be patient.        
# The PySimpleGUI Cookbook      
      
Welcome to the PySimpleGUI Cookbook!  It's provided as but one component of a larger documentation effort for the PySimpleGUI package.  It's purpose is to give you a jump start.      
You'll find that starting with a Recipe will give you a big jump-start on creating your custom GUI.  Copy and paste one of these Recipes and modify it to match your requirements.  Study them to get an idea of some design patterns to follow.    
  
There is a short section in the main documentation at http://www.PySimpleGUI.org with instructions on installing PySimpleGUI. Typically it's `pip install pysimplegui` to install.
  
# The "Demo Programs" Are Also Recipes

If you like this Cookbook, then you'll LOVE the 200 sample programs that are just like these.  You'll find them in the GitHub at http://www.PySimpleGUI.com.  They are located in the folder `DemoPrograms` and there is also a `Demo Programs` folder for each of the PySimpleGUI ports. 

These programs are updated frequently, much more so than this Cookbook document.  It's there that you'll find the largest potential for a big jump-start on your project.

These short Demo Programs fall into 2 categories:

1. Demonstrate a particular Element
2. Integration with another package (e.g. Matplotlib, OpenCV, etc)

So, for example, if you're trying to use the Graph Element to create a line graph, check out the demo programs... there are 8 different demos for the Graph Element alone.


# Trinket, the Online PySimpleGUI Cookbook

In addition to this document, you'll find a number of "recipes" running on Trinket.  The PySimpleGUI [Trinket Demo Programs](https://pysimplegui.trinket.io/demo-programs) are often accompanied by explanatory text.  Because it's an actively used educational capability, you'll find newer PySimpleGUI features demonstrated there.

The advantage to "live", online PySimpleGUI demos is that you can examine the source code, run it, and see the GUI in your browser window, without installing *anything* on your local machine.  No Python, no PySimpleGUI, only your browser is needed to get going.  

# [Repl.it](https://repl.it/@PySimpleGUI)... another online resource

The [PySimpleGUI repl.it repository](https://repl.it/@PySimpleGUI) is also used, but it doesn't provide the same kind of capability to provide some explanatory text and screenshots with the examples.  It does, however, automatically install the latest version of PySimpleGUI for many of the examples.  It also enables the demo programs to access any package that can be pip installed.  Trinket does not have this more expansive capability.
      

# Cookbook Purpose

A quick explanation about this document. The PySimpleGUI Cookbook is meant to get you started quickly.  But that's only part of the purpose.  The other, probably more important one, is *coding conventions*.  The more of these examples and the programs you see in the [Demo Programs](https://github.com/PySimpleGUI/PySimpleGUI/tree/master/DemoPrograms) section on the GitHub, the more familiar certain patterns will emerge.

It's through the Cookbook and the Demo Programs that new PySimpleGUI constructs and naming conventions are "rolled out" to the user community.  If you are brand new to PySimpleGUI, then you're getting your foundation here.  That foundation changes over time as the package improves.  The old code still runs, but it's been improved. 

PEP8 names are a really good example.  Previously many of the method names for the Elements were done with CamelCase which is not a PEP8 compliant way of naming those functions.  They should have been snake_case.  Now that a complete set of PEP8 bindings is available, the method names are being changed here, in the primary documentation and in the demo programs.  `window.Read()` became `window.read()`.  It's better that you see examples using the newer `windows.read()` names.

In short, it's brainwashing you to program PySimpleGUI a certain way.  The effect is that one person has no problem picking up the code from another PySimpleGUI programmer and recognizing it.  If you stick with variable names shown here, like many other PySimpleGUI users have, then you'll understand other people's code (and the demos too) quicker.


# GETTING STARTED - Copy these design patterns!      
      
All of your PySimpleGUI programs will utilize one of these 2 design patterns depending on the type of window you're implementing.  The two types of windows are:

1. One-shot 
2. Persistent 

The **One-shot window** is one that pops up, collects some data, and then disappears.  It is more or less a 'form' meant to quickly grab some information and then be closed.

The **Persistent window** is one that sticks around.  With these programs, you loop, reading and processing "events" such as button clicks. It's more like a typical Windows/Mac/Linux  program.


## Keys

Keys are an extremely important concept for you to understand as you learn PySimpleGUI.  They are the "labels" you give Elements.  Keys are used:

* To tell you when one of them generates an event
* When you want to change them later
* To communicate their value when performing a `window.read()`

**Important** - while they are shown as strings in many examples, they can be ANYTHING (ints, tuples, lists, objects, ....)
      
## Pattern 1 - "One-shot Window" - (The Simplest Pattern)    

![Pattern1](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/46163555/64929604-0c4fe500-d7f6-11e9-9dc1-bb34d5aafd23.jpg)   


![Pattern1 Popup](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/46163555/64929603-0c4fe500-d7f6-11e9-8309-68a9279c6c72.jpg)


This will be the most common pattern you'll follow if you are not using an "event loop" (not reading the window multiple times).  The window is read and then closed.
    
When you "read" a window, you are returned a tuple consisting of an `event` and a dictionary of `values`.  

The`event` is what caused the read to return. It could be a button press, some text clicked, a list item chosen, etc, or `None` if the user closes the window.

The `values` is a dictionary of values of all the input-style elements.  Dictionaries use keys to define entries. If your elements do not specificy a key, one is provided for you. These auto-numbered keys are ints starting at zero.

This design pattern does not specify a `key` for the `InputText` element, so its key will be auto-numbered and is zero in this case.  Thus the design pattern can get the value of whatever was input by referencing `values[0]`
   
```python    
import PySimpleGUI as sg      
    
layout = [[sg.Text('My one-shot window.')],      
                 [sg.InputText()],      
                 [sg.Submit(), sg.Cancel()]]      
      
window = sg.Window('Window Title', layout)    
    
event, values = window.read()    
window.close()
    
text_input = values[0]    
sg.popup('You entered', text_input)
```    

If you want to use a key instead of an auto-generated key:

```python    
import PySimpleGUI as sg      
    
layout = [[sg.Text('My one-shot window.')],      
                 [sg.InputText(key='-IN-')],      
                 [sg.Submit(), sg.Cancel()]]      
      
window = sg.Window('Window Title', layout)    
    
event, values = window.read()    
window.close()
    
text_input = values['-IN-']    
sg.popup('You entered', text_input)
``` 



## Pattern 2 A - Persistent window (multiple reads using an event loop)      


![Pattern2](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/46163555/64929605-0c4fe500-d7f6-11e9-8c00-b74988a706e3.jpg)


Some of the more advanced programs operate with the window remaining visible on the screen.  Input values are collected, but rather than closing the window, it is kept visible acting as a way to both output information to the user and gather input data.  In other words, a typical Window, Mac or Linux window.  You are writing ***real GUI code*** that will look and act like other windows you're used to using.
    
This code will present a window and will print values until the user clicks the exit button or closes window using an X.    

      
```python    
import PySimpleGUI as sg      
      
layout = [[sg.Text('Persistent window')],      
          [sg.Input(key='-IN-')],      
          [sg.Button('Read'), sg.Exit()]]      
      
window = sg.Window('Window that stays open', layout)      
      
while True:      
    event, values = window.read() 
    print(event, values)       
    if event in (None, 'Exit'):      
        break      

window.close()
```    


Here is some sample output from this code:

```
Read {'-IN-': 'typed into input field'}
Read {'-IN-': 'More typing'}
Exit {'-IN-': 'clicking the exit button this time'}
```

The first thing printed is the "event" which in this program is the buttons.  The next thing printed is the `values` variable that holds the dictionary of return values from the read.  This dictionary has only 1 entry.  The "key" for the entry is `'-IN-'` and matches the key passed into the `Input` element creation on this line of code:
```python
          [sg.Input(key='-IN-')],      
```

If the window was close using the X, then the output of the code will be:
```
None {'-IN-': None}
```

The `event` returned from the read is set to `None` and so are the input fields in the window.  This `None` event is super-important to check for.  It must be detected in your windows or else you'll be trying to work with a window that's been destroyed and your code will crash.  This is why you will find this check after ***every*** `window.read()` call you'll find in sample PySimpleGUI code.

In some cirsumstances when a window is closed with an X, both of the return values from `window.read()` will be `None`.  This is why it's important to check for `event is None` before attempting to access anything in the `values` variable.


## Pattern 2 B - Persistent window (multiple reads using an event loop + updates data in window)   

![Pattern2B](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/46163555/64929632-7c5e6b00-d7f6-11e9-90b3-70e79cd2547c.jpg)

This is a slightly more complex, but more realistic version that reads input from the user and displays that input as text in the window.  Your program is likely to be doing both of those activities so this will give you a big jump-start.

Do not worry yet what all of these statements mean.  Just copy it so you can begin to play with it, make some changes.  Experiment to see how thing work.


```python
import PySimpleGUI as sg

layout = [[sg.Text('Your typed chars appear here:'), sg.Text(size=(15,1), key='-OUTPUT-')],
          [sg.Input(key='-IN-')],
          [sg.Button('Show'), sg.Button('Exit')]]

window = sg.Window('Pattern 2B', layout)

while True:  # Event Loop
    event, values = window.read()
    print(event, values)
    if event in  (None, 'Exit'):
        break
    if event == 'Show':
        # Update the "output" text element to be the value of "input" element
        window['-OUTPUT-'].update(values['-IN-'])

window.close()
```

There are multiple ways out "outputting" to an element, or changing an element in some way, in a window.  The way we're achieving output here is by changing a Text Element with this statement:

```python
window['-OUTPUT-'].update(values['-IN-'])
```

`window['-OUTPUT-']` returns the element that has the key `'-OUTPUT-'`.  Then the `update` method for that element is called so that the value of the Text Element is modified.

This construct, `window['-OUTPUT-']` was added in 2019.  

The original / old-style way of doing this was to call `window.FindElement` or the shortened `window.Element`

```python
window.FindElement('-OUTPUT-').update(values['-IN-'])
or
window.Element('-OUTPUT-').update(values['-IN-'])
```

Even this can be further shortened.  If you "call" an existing element, then it is the same as calling that element's `Update` method.  To do this, you simply delete the `.update` from the statement and you're left with:

```python
window['-OUTPUT-'](values['-IN-'])
```

Yes, it looks a little strange.

**The Summary**

`window[key]` means you're finding an element in that window.  Anything after that part of the statement means you're working directly with an element.  Maybe the element has another method besides `update` you want to call, like `get()`.  If so, then it is written simply as:


```python
window[my_key].get()
```

----

# Exiting a Window

For persistent windows, you will find this if statement immediately following every `window.read` call you'll find in this document and likely all of the demo programs:

```python
if event in (None, 'Quit'):
    break
```

This is your user's "way out".  **Always** give a way out to your user or else they will be using task manager or something else, all the while cursing you.

Beginners to Python may not understand this statement and it's important to understand it so that you don't simply ignore it because you don't understand the syntax.

The if statment is identical to this if statement:
```python
if event is None or event == 'Quit':
    break
```

The `event in (None, 'Quit')` simply means is the value of the `event` variable in the list of choices shown, in this case `None` or `Quit`.  If so, then break out of the Event Loop and likely exit the program when that happens for simple programs.

## Close Your Windows

When you're done with your window, close it.

```python
window.close()
```

The reason is that for some ports, like PySimpleGUIWeb, you cannot exit the program unless the window is closed.  It's nice to clean up after yourself too.

### Closing in Multithreaded Environment

If you've got other threads running in program system in addition to the main program thread, you need to delete the window as well as close it or else you may get an error that tkinter has detected it is not running in the main thread.

```python
window.close()
del window
```

Note that ***you cannot make any PySimpleGUI calls from a thread*** other than the main program thread.


-----

# Colors Other Than Gray... Use them!

One complaint about tkinter that is often heard is how "ugly" it looks.  You can do something about that in 1 line of PySimpleGUI code. A call to `change_look_and_feel` will set the colors to be used when creating windows.  It sets text color, background colork, input field colors, button color, etc.  

Even windows that are created for you, such as popups, will use the color settings.

In this example, "GreenTan" was chosen.  This causes all elements created in the future to use a specific set of colors for the background, text colors, button color, etc.

```python
sg.change_look_and_feel('GreenTan')
```

The list of valid look and feel settings includes:

SystemDefault, Material1, Material2, Reddit, Topanga, GreenTan, Dark, LightGreen, Dark2, Black, Tan, TanBlue, DarkTanBlue, DarkAmber, DarkBlue, Reds, Green, BluePurple, Purple, BlueMono, GreenMono, BrownBlue, BrightColors, NeutralBlue, Kayak, SandyBeach, TealMono

***Mac users*** - Unfortunately tkinter and the Mac haven't been playing well together when it comes to colors, in particular button colors.  For this reason the change_look_and_feel is "disabled" for Macs, however you can force it by assing the parameter to the call `force=True`.  You may be able to get away with the change if you change the button settings back to the default setting by calling `set_options`.


## Look and Feel Browser

This Recipe is a "Look and Feel Browser" that enables you to see the different color schemes.

You're first shown this window that lists all of the available "Look and Feel" settings.  This window was created after the Look and Feel were set to "GreenTan".

![SNAG-0548](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/46163555/68547124-a8880980-03ab-11ea-9302-388da5777979.jpg)


If you click on an item in the list, you will immediately get a popup window that is created using the new Look and Feel.

![SNAG-0549](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/46163555/68547123-a8880980-03ab-11ea-92f3-cb8d3136ae07.jpg)


So, **please**, add one of these `change_look_and_feel` calls to the top of your programs so they are more colorful!

Also, if you come up with your own colors, post them on the project's GitHub so they can be included in future releases.  More choices == better.


```python
import PySimpleGUI as sg

"""
    Allows you to "browse" through the look and feel settings.  Click on one and you'll see a 
    Popup window using the color scheme you chose.  It's a simply little program that demonstrates
    how snappy a GUI can feel if you enable an element's events rather than waiting on a button click.
    In this program, as soon as a listbox entry is clicked, the read returns.
"""

sg.change_look_and_feel('GreenTan')

layout = [[sg.Text('Look and Feel Browser')],
          [sg.Text('Click a look and feel color to see demo window')],
          [sg.Listbox(values=sg.list_of_look_and_feel_values(),
                      size=(20, 12), key='-LIST-', enable_events=True)],
          [sg.Button('Exit')]]

window = sg.Window('Look and Feel Browser', layout)

while True:  # Event Loop
    event, values = window.read()
    if event in (None, 'Exit'):
        break
    sg.change_look_and_feel(values['-LIST-'][0])
    sg.popup_get_text('This is {}'.format(values['-LIST-'][0]))

window.close()
```


----


# 1 Shot - Simple Data Entry - Return Values - Auto Numbered   

An Element's key will be automatically numbered, starting at 0, if you do not use the `key` parameter when creating an element and it's an element that will return values to you via the `Window.read()` call.

This example has no keys specified.  The 3 input fields will have keys 0, 1, 2.  Keys like this make the return values look like a list rather than a dictionary.  Your first input element will be accessed as `values[0]`, just like a list would look.


![SNAG-0550](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/46163555/68547201-cace5700-03ac-11ea-81d6-cb171629e81b.jpg)    
      
```python
import PySimpleGUI as sg

sg.change_look_and_feel('Topanga')      # Add some color to the window

# Very basic window.  Return values using auto numbered keys

layout = [
    [sg.Text('Please enter your Name, Address, Phone')],
    [sg.Text('Name', size=(15, 1)), sg.InputText()],
    [sg.Text('Address', size=(15, 1)), sg.InputText()],
    [sg.Text('Phone', size=(15, 1)), sg.InputText()],
    [sg.Submit(), sg.Cancel()]
]

window = sg.Window('Simple data entry window', layout)
event, values = window.read()
window.close()
print(event, values[0], values[1], values[2])    # the input data looks like a simple list when auto numbered
```    


--------------------------      

## Add GUI to Front-End of Script 

Quickly add a GUI allowing the user to browse for a filename if a filename is not supplied on the command line using this simple GUI. It's the best of both worlds.  If you want command line, you can use it.  If you don't specify, then the GUI will fire up.


```python
import PySimpleGUI as sg
import sys

if len(sys.argv) == 1:
    layout = [[sg.Text('Document to open')],
             [sg.In(), sg.FileBrowse()],
             [sg.Open(), sg.Cancel()]]
    
    window = sg.Window('My Script', layout)
    event, values = window.read()
    window.close()
    
    fname = values[0]
    print(event, values)
else:
    fname = sys.argv[1]

if not fname:
    sg.popup("Cancel", "No filename supplied")
    raise SystemExit("Cancelling: no filename supplied")
else:
    sg.popup('The filename you chose was', fname)
```
      
### The `popup_get_file` Version

Why recreate the wheel?  There's a `Popup` function that will get a Filename for you.  This is a single-line GUI:

```python
fname = sg.popup_get_file('Document to open')
```

Shows this window and returns the results from the user interaction with it.

![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/46163555/68537518-6c18c700-0333-11ea-9798-270c7f6bec1c.png)

The entire Popup based solution for this get filename example is:


```python
import PySimpleGUI as sg
import sys

if len(sys.argv) == 1:
    fname = sg.popup_get_file('Document to open')
else:
    fname = sys.argv[1]

if not fname:
    sg.popup("Cancel", "No filename supplied")
    raise SystemExit("Cancelling: no filename supplied")
else:
    sg.popup('The filename you chose was', fname)
```

How about a GUI **_and_** traditional CLI argument in 1 line of code?

```python
import PySimpleGUI as sg
import sys

fname = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else sg.popup_get_file('Document to open')

if not fname:
    sg.popup("Cancel", "No filename supplied")
    raise SystemExit("Cancelling: no filename supplied")
else:
    sg.popup('The filename you chose was', fname)
```


--------------      
      
## Compare 2 Files      
      
Browse to get 2 file names that can be then compared.      
      
![compare 2 files](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/43934659-60dc5fbe-9c1e-11e8-8d2b-07c0e3b61892.jpg)      
      
```python
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
      
    layout = [[sg.Text('Enter 2 files to comare')],    
                 [sg.Text('File 1', size=(8, 1)), sg.Input(), sg.FileBrowse()],      
                 [sg.Text('File 2', size=(8, 1)), sg.Input(), sg.FileBrowse()],      
                 [sg.Submit(), sg.Cancel()]]      
      
    window = sg.Window('File Compare', layout)  
      
    event, values = window.read()  
    window.close()
    print(event, values)      
```      
---------------      
## Nearly All Elements with Color Theme, Menus,  (The Everything Bagel)

Example of nearly all of the Elements in a single window.  Uses a customized color scheme, lots of Elements, default values, Columns, Frames with colored text, tooltips, file browsing.  There are at least 13 different Elements used.  

Before scrolling down to the code, guess how many lines of Python code were required to create this custom layout window.

      
![latest everything bagel](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/45920376-22d89000-be71-11e8-8ac4-640f011f84d0.jpg)      
      
      
```python      
#!/usr/bin/env Python3      
import PySimpleGUI as sg      
    
sg.ChangeLookAndFeel('GreenTan')      
    
# ------ Menu Definition ------ #      
menu_def = [['File', ['Open', 'Save', 'Exit', 'Properties']],      
            ['Edit', ['Paste', ['Special', 'Normal', ], 'Undo'], ],      
            ['Help', 'About...'], ]      
    
# ------ Column Definition ------ #      
column1 = [[sg.Text('Column 1', background_color='#F7F3EC', justification='center', size=(10, 1))],      
            [sg.Spin(values=('Spin Box 1', '2', '3'), initial_value='Spin Box 1')],      
            [sg.Spin(values=('Spin Box 1', '2', '3'), initial_value='Spin Box 2')],      
            [sg.Spin(values=('Spin Box 1', '2', '3'), initial_value='Spin Box 3')]]      
    
layout = [      
    [sg.Menu(menu_def, tearoff=True)],      
    [sg.Text('All graphic widgets in one window!', size=(30, 1), justification='center', font=("Helvetica", 25), relief=sg.RELIEF_RIDGE)],    
    [sg.Text('Here is some text.... and a place to enter text')],      
    [sg.InputText('This is my text')],      
    [sg.Frame(layout=[      
    [sg.Checkbox('Checkbox', size=(10,1)),  sg.Checkbox('My second checkbox!', default=True)],      
    [sg.Radio('My first Radio!     ', "RADIO1", default=True, size=(10,1)), sg.Radio('My second Radio!', "RADIO1")]], title='Options',title_color='red', relief=sg.RELIEF_SUNKEN, tooltip='Use these to set flags')],      
    [sg.Multiline(default_text='This is the default Text should you decide not to type anything', size=(35, 3)),      
        sg.Multiline(default_text='A second multi-line', size=(35, 3))],      
    [sg.InputCombo(('Combobox 1', 'Combobox 2'), size=(20, 1)),      
        sg.Slider(range=(1, 100), orientation='h', size=(34, 20), default_value=85)],      
    [sg.InputOptionMenu(('Menu Option 1', 'Menu Option 2', 'Menu Option 3'))],      
    [sg.Listbox(values=('Listbox 1', 'Listbox 2', 'Listbox 3'), size=(30, 3)),      
        sg.Frame('Labelled Group',[[      
        sg.Slider(range=(1, 100), orientation='v', size=(5, 20), default_value=25),      
        sg.Slider(range=(1, 100), orientation='v', size=(5, 20), default_value=75),      
        sg.Slider(range=(1, 100), orientation='v', size=(5, 20), default_value=10),      
        sg.Column(column1, background_color='#F7F3EC')]])],      
    [sg.Text('_'  * 80)],      
    [sg.Text('Choose A Folder', size=(35, 1))],      
    [sg.Text('Your Folder', size=(15, 1), auto_size_text=False, justification='right'),      
        sg.InputText('Default Folder'), sg.FolderBrowse()],      
    [sg.Submit(tooltip='Click to submit this window'), sg.Cancel()]    
]      
    
    
window = sg.Window('Everything bagel', layout, default_element_size=(40, 1), grab_anywhere=False)      
    
event, values = window.read()      
    
sg.popup('Title',      
            'The results of the window.',      
            'The button clicked was "{}"'.format(event),      
            'The values are', values)      

```
      
      
#### 35 lines of code

That's what the window definition, creation, display and get values ultimately ended up being when you remove the blank lines above.  Try displaying 13 seperate "GUI Widgets" in any of the GUI frameworks.  There's $20 waiting for the person that can code up the same window in under 35 lines of Python code using tkinter, WxPython, or Qt.  For compactness, it's difficult to beat PySimpleGUI simply because the PySimpleGUI code is running a ton of "boilerplate" code on your behalf.

-------------      

      
## Asynchronous Window With Periodic Update    

An async Window that has a event loop, and updates a text element at a periodic interval.  In this case, we're outputting the time elapsed into the window. 

Use this design pattern for projects that need to poll or output something on a regular basis.  In this case, we're indicating we want a `timeout=10` on our `window.read` call.  This will cause the `Read` call to return a "timeout key" as the event when a timeout has happened without some GUI thing happening first (like the user clicking a button).  The timeout key is `PySimpleGUI.TIMEOUT_KEY` usually written as `sg.TIMEOUT_KEY` in normal PySimpleGUI code.

Use caution when using windows with a timeout.  You should **rarely** need to use a `timeout=0`, non-blocking call, so try not to abuse this design pattern.  Honest, you shouldn't do it unless you're a realtime application and know what you're doing.  Hint - if you have < 1 year programming experience and you're using `timeout=0`, you're doing something wrong.

A note about timers... this is not a good design for a stopwatch as it can very easily drift. This would never pass for a good solution in a bit of commercial code.  For better accuracy always get the actual time from a reputable source, like the operating system.  Use that as what you use to measure and display the time.  

      
![non-blocking](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/43955295-70f6ac48-9c6d-11e8-8ea2-e6729ba9330c.jpg)      
      
```python      
import PySimpleGUI as sg

layout = [  [sg.Text('Stopwatch', size=(20, 2), justification='center')],
            [sg.Text('', size=(10, 2), font=('Helvetica', 20), justification='center', key='_OUTPUT_')],
            [sg.T(' ' * 5), sg.Button('Start/Stop', focus=True), sg.Quit()]]

window = sg.Window('Stopwatch Timer', layout)

timer_running, i = True, 0

while True:        # Event Loop
    event, values = window.read(timeout=10) # Please try and use as high of a timeout value as you can
    if event in (None, 'Quit'):    # if user closed the window using X or clicked Quit button
        break
    elif event == 'Start/Stop':
        timer_running = not timer_running
    if timer_running:
        window['_OUTPUT_'].update('{:02d}:{:02d}.{:02d}'.format((i // 100) // 60, (i // 100) % 60, i % 100))
        i += 1
```          

      
--------      
      
## Callback Function Simulation      
The architecture of some programs works better with button callbacks instead of handling in-line.  While button callbacks are part of the PySimpleGUI implementation, they are not directly exposed to the caller.  The way to get the same result as callbacks is to simulate them with a recipe like this one.      
      
![button callback 2](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/43955588-e139ddc6-9c6e-11e8-8c78-c1c226b8d9b1.jpg)      

```python      
import PySimpleGUI as sg

# This design pattern simulates button callbacks
# Note that callbacks are NOT a part of the package's interface to the
# caller intentionally.  The underlying implementation actually does use
# tkinter callbacks.  They are simply hidden from the user.
# This implementation uses a simple "Dispatch Dictionary" to store events and functions

# The callback functions
def button1():
    print('Button 1 callback')

def button2():
    print('Button 2 callback')

# Lookup dictionary that maps button to function to call
dispatch_dictionary = {'1':button1, '2':button2}

# Layout the design of the GUI
layout = [[sg.Text('Please click a button', auto_size_text=True)],
          [sg.Button('1'), sg.Button('2'), sg.Button('3'), sg.Quit()]]

# Show the Window to the user
window = sg.Window('Button callback example', layout)

# Event loop. Read buttons, make callbacks
while True:
    # Read the Window
    event, value = window.read()
    if event in ('Quit', None):
        break
    # Lookup event in function dictionary
    if event in dispatch_dictionary:
        func_to_call = dispatch_dictionary[event]   # get function from dispatch dictionary
        func_to_call()
    else:
        print('Event {} not in dispatch dictionary'.format(event))

window.close()

    # All done!
sg.popup_ok('Done')
```
      

      
## OneLineProgressMeter      
      
This recipe shows just how easy it is to add a progress meter to your code.      
      
![onelineprogressmeter](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/45589254-bd285900-b8f0-11e8-9122-b43f06bf074d.jpg)      
      
```python      
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
      
    for i in range(1000):      
        sg.OneLineProgressMeter('One Line Meter Example', i+1, 1000, 'key')      
```      
      
     
 -------

## Minesweeper-style Grid of Buttons

There are a number of applications built using a GUI that involve a grid of buttons.  The games Minesweeper and Battleship can both be thought of as a grid of buttons.

![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/46163555/68539259-b5c2db00-034e-11ea-965a-16bd7f877f5b.png)

Here is the code for the above window

```python
import PySimpleGUIWeb as sg
from random import randint

MAX_ROWS = MAX_COL = 10
board = [[randint(0,1) for j in range(MAX_COL)] for i in range(MAX_ROWS)]

layout =  [[sg.Button('?', size=(4, 2), key=(i,j), pad=(0,0)) for j in range(MAX_COL)] for i in range(MAX_ROWS)]

window = sg.Window('Minesweeper', layout)

while True:
    event, values = window.read()
    if event in (None, 'Exit'):
        break
    # window[(row, col)].update('New text')   # To change a button's text, use this pattern
    # For this example, change the text of the button to the board's value and turn color black
    window[event].update(board[event[0]][event[1]], button_color=('white','black'))
window.close()

```


The **most important** thing for you to learn from this recipe is that keys and events can be **any type**, not just strings.  

Thinking about this grid of buttons, doesn't it make the most sense for you to get row, column information when a button is pressed.  Well, that's exactly what setting your keys for these buttons to be tuples does for you.  It gives you the abilty to read events and finding the button row and column, and it makes updating text or color of buttons using a row, column designation.

This program also runs on PySimpleGUIWeb really well.  Change the import to PySimpleGUIWeb and you'll see this in your web browser (assuming you've installed PySimpleGUIWeb)

![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/46163555/68539298-3eda1200-034f-11ea-82bd-9f2ad479465b.png)

---



## Button Graphics (Media Player)      
Buttons can have PNG of GIF images on them.  This Media Player recipe requires 4 images in order to function correctly.  The background is set to the same color as the button background so that they blend together.      
      
![media player](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/43958418-5dd133f2-9c79-11e8-9432-0a67007e85ac.jpg)      
      

```python
#!/usr/bin/env python
import PySimpleGUI as sg

#
# An Async Demonstration of a media player
# Uses button images for a super snazzy look
# See how it looks here:
# https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/43159403-45c9726e-8f50-11e8-9da0-0d272e20c579.jpg
#
def MediaPlayerGUI():
    background = '#F0F0F0'
    # Set the backgrounds the same as the background on the buttons
    sg.SetOptions(background_color=background, element_background_color=background)
    # Images are located in a subfolder in the Demo Media Player.py folder
    image_pause = './ButtonGraphics/Pause.png'
    image_restart = './ButtonGraphics/Restart.png'
    image_next = './ButtonGraphics/Next.png'
    image_exit = './ButtonGraphics/Exit.png'

    # A text element that will be changed to display messages in the GUI


    # define layout of the rows
    layout= [[sg.Text('Media File Player',size=(17,1), font=("Helvetica", 25))],
             [sg.Text(size=(15, 2), font=("Helvetica", 14), key='output')],
             [sg.Button('', button_color=(background,background),
                                image_filename=image_restart, image_size=(50, 50), image_subsample=2, border_width=0, key='Restart Song'),
                                sg.Text(' ' * 2),
              sg.Button('', button_color=(background,background),
                                image_filename=image_pause, image_size=(50, 50), image_subsample=2, border_width=0, key='Pause'),
                                sg.Text(' ' * 2),
              sg.Button('', button_color=(background,background), image_filename=image_next, image_size=(50, 50), image_subsample=2, border_width=0, key='Next'),
                                sg.Text(' ' * 2),
              sg.Text(' ' * 2), sg.Button('', button_color=(background,background),
                                image_filename=image_exit, image_size=(50, 50), image_subsample=2, border_width=0, key='Exit')],
             [sg.Text('_'*20)],
             [sg.Text(' '*30)],
            [
             sg.Slider(range=(-10, 10), default_value=0, size=(10, 20), orientation='vertical', font=("Helvetica", 15)),
             sg.Text(' ' * 2),
             sg.Slider(range=(-10, 10), default_value=0, size=(10, 20), orientation='vertical', font=("Helvetica", 15)),
             sg.Text(' ' * 2),
             sg.Slider(range=(-10, 10), default_value=0, size=(10, 20), orientation='vertical', font=("Helvetica", 15))],
             [sg.Text('   Bass', font=("Helvetica", 15), size=(9, 1)),
             sg.Text('Treble', font=("Helvetica", 15), size=(7, 1)),
             sg.Text('Volume', font=("Helvetica", 15), size=(7, 1))]
             ]

    # Open a form, note that context manager can't be used generally speaking for async forms
    window = sg.Window('Media File Player', layout, default_element_size=(20, 1),
                       font=("Helvetica", 25))
    # Our event loop
    while(True):
        event, values = window.read(timeout=100)        # Poll every 100 ms
        if event == 'Exit' or event is None:
            break
        # If a button was pressed, display it on the GUI by updating the text element
        if event != sg.TIMEOUT_KEY:
            window['output'].update(event)

MediaPlayerGUI()
```

## Script Launcher - Persistent Window    
This Window doesn't close after button clicks.  To achieve this the buttons are specified as `sg.Button` instead of `sg.Button`.   The exception to this is the EXIT button.  Clicking it will close the window.  This program will run commands and display the output in the scrollable window.    
      
![launcher 2](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/43958519-b30af218-9c79-11e8-88da-fadc69da818c.jpg)      

```python      
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
    import subprocess      
      
    # Please check Demo programs for better examples of launchers      
    def ExecuteCommandSubprocess(command, *args):      
        try:      
            sp = subprocess.Popen([command, *args], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)      
            out, err = sp.communicate()      
            if out:      
                print(out.decode("utf-8"))      
            if err:      
                print(err.decode("utf-8"))      
        except:      
            pass      
      
      
    layout = [      
        [sg.Text('Script output....', size=(40, 1))],      
        [sg.Output(size=(88, 20))],      
        [sg.Button('script1'), sg.Button('script2'), sg.Button('EXIT')],      
        [sg.Text('Manual command', size=(15, 1)), sg.InputText(focus=True), sg.Button('Run', bind_return_key=True)]      
            ]      
      
      
    window = sg.Window('Script launcher', layout)      
      
    # ---===--- Loop taking in user input and using it to call scripts --- #      
      
    while True:      
      (event, value) = window.read()      
      if event == 'EXIT'  or event is None:      
          break # exit button clicked      
      if event == 'script1':      
          ExecuteCommandSubprocess('pip', 'list')      
      elif event == 'script2':      
          ExecuteCommandSubprocess('python', '--version')      
      elif event == 'Run':      
          ExecuteCommandSubprocess(value[0])      
```    
     

## Launch a Program With a Button

Very simple script that will launch a program as a subprocess.  Great for making a desktop launcher toolbar.

```python
import subprocess  
import PySimpleGUI as sg  
  
CHROME = r"C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe"  
  
  
layout = [  [sg.Text('Text area', key='_TEXT_')],  
            [sg.Input(key='_URL_')],  
            [sg.Button('Chrome'), sg.Button('Exit')]]  
  
window = sg.Window('Window Title', layuout)  
  
while True:             # Event Loop  
  event, values = window.read()  
    print(event, values)  
    if event is None or event == 'Exit':  
        break  
 if event == 'Chrome':  
        sp = subprocess.Popen([CHROME, values['_URL_']], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)  
  
window.close()
```

## Machine Learning GUI      
A standard non-blocking GUI with lots of inputs.      
      
![machine learning green](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/43979000-408b77ba-9cb7-11e8-9ffd-24c156767532.jpg)      
```python     
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
      
    # Green & tan color scheme      
    sg.ChangeLookAndFeel('GreenTan')      
      
    sg.SetOptions(text_justification='right')      
      
    layout = [[sg.Text('Machine Learning Command Line Parameters', font=('Helvetica', 16))],      
              [sg.Text('Passes', size=(15, 1)), sg.Spin(values=[i for i in range(1, 1000)], initial_value=20, size=(6, 1)),      
               sg.Text('Steps', size=(18, 1)), sg.Spin(values=[i for i in range(1, 1000)], initial_value=20, size=(6, 1))],      
              [sg.Text('ooa', size=(15, 1)), sg.In(default_text='6', size=(10, 1)), sg.Text('nn', size=(15, 1)),      
               sg.In(default_text='10', size=(10, 1))],      
              [sg.Text('q', size=(15, 1)), sg.In(default_text='ff', size=(10, 1)), sg.Text('ngram', size=(15, 1)),      
               sg.In(default_text='5', size=(10, 1))],      
              [sg.Text('l', size=(15, 1)), sg.In(default_text='0.4', size=(10, 1)), sg.Text('Layers', size=(15, 1)),      
               sg.Drop(values=('BatchNorm', 'other'), auto_size_text=True)],      
              [sg.Text('_'  * 100, size=(65, 1))],      
              [sg.Text('Flags', font=('Helvetica', 15), justification='left')],      
              [sg.Checkbox('Normalize', size=(12, 1), default=True), sg.Checkbox('Verbose', size=(20, 1))],      
              [sg.Checkbox('Cluster', size=(12, 1)), sg.Checkbox('Flush Output', size=(20, 1), default=True)],      
              [sg.Checkbox('Write Results', size=(12, 1)), sg.Checkbox('Keep Intermediate Data', size=(20, 1))],      
              [sg.Text('_'  * 100, size=(65, 1))],      
              [sg.Text('Loss Functions', font=('Helvetica', 15), justification='left')],      
              [sg.Radio('Cross-Entropy', 'loss', size=(12, 1)), sg.Radio('Logistic', 'loss', default=True, size=(12, 1))],      
              [sg.Radio('Hinge', 'loss', size=(12, 1)), sg.Radio('Huber', 'loss', size=(12, 1))],      
              [sg.Radio('Kullerback', 'loss', size=(12, 1)), sg.Radio('MAE(L1)', 'loss', size=(12, 1))],      
              [sg.Radio('MSE(L2)', 'loss', size=(12, 1)), sg.Radio('MB(L0)', 'loss', size=(12, 1))],      
              [sg.Submit(), sg.Cancel()]]      
      
    window = sg.Window('Machine Learning Front End', layout, font=("Helvetica", 12))      
      
    event, values = window.read()      
```
      
-------      
## Custom Progress Meter / Progress Bar      
Perhaps you don't want all the statistics that the EasyProgressMeter provides and want to create your own progress bar. Use this recipe to do just that.      
      
![custom progress meter](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/43982958-3393b23e-9cc6-11e8-8b49-e7f4890cbc4b.jpg)      
      
      
```python
import PySimpleGUI as sg

# layout the Window
layout = [[sg.Text('A custom progress meter')],
          [sg.ProgressBar(1000, orientation='h', size=(20, 20), key='progbar')],
          [sg.Cancel()]]

# create the Window
window = sg.Window('Custom Progress Meter', layout)
# loop that would normally do something useful
for i in range(1000):
    # check to see if the cancel button was clicked and exit loop if clicked
    event, values = window.read(timeout=0)
    if event == 'Cancel' or event is None:
        break
        # update bar with loop value +1 so that bar eventually reaches the maximum
    window['progbar'].update_bar(i + 1)
# done with loop... need to destroy the window as it's still open
window.close()
``` 
      
      
----      


   
## Multiple Columns      
  
A Column is required when you have a tall element to the left of smaller elements.      
      
In this example, there is a Listbox on the left that is 3 rows high.  To the right of it are 3 single rows of text and input. These 3 rows are in a Column Element.      
      
To make it easier to see the Column in the window, the Column background has been shaded blue.  The code is wordier than normal due to the blue shading.  Each element in the column needs to have the color set to match blue background.      
      
![cookbook columns](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/45309948-f6c52280-b4f2-11e8-8691-a45fa0e06c50.jpg)      
      
      
```python      
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
      
    # Demo of how columns work      
    # GUI has on row 1 a vertical slider followed by a COLUMN with 7 rows    
    # Prior to the Column element, this layout was not possible      
    # Columns layouts look identical to GUI layouts, they are a list of lists of elements.    
      
    sg.ChangeLookAndFeel('BlueMono')      
      
    # Column layout      
    col = [[sg.Text('col Row 1', text_color='white', background_color='blue')],      
           [sg.Text('col Row 2', text_color='white', background_color='blue'), sg.Input('col input 1')],      
           [sg.Text('col Row 3', text_color='white', background_color='blue'), sg.Input('col input 2')]]      
      
    layout = [[sg.Listbox(values=('Listbox Item 1', 'Listbox Item 2', 'Listbox Item 3'), select_mode=sg.LISTBOX_SELECT_MODE_MULTIPLE, size=(20,3)), sg.Column(col, background_color='blue')],      
              [sg.Input('Last input')],      
              [sg.OK()]]      
      
    # Display the Window and get values    
      
    event, values = sg.Window('Compact 1-line Window with column', layout).Read()  
      
    sg.popup(event, values, line_width=200)      
```      

----

      
## Persistent Window With Text Element Updates    
      
This simple program keep a window open, taking input values until the user terminates the program using the "X" button.    
      
![math game](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/44537842-c9444080-a6cd-11e8-94bc-6cdf1b765dd8.jpg)      
      
      
```python     
import PySimpleGUI as sg      
    
layout = [ [sg.Txt('Enter values to calculate')],      
            [sg.In(size=(8,1), key='numerator')],      
            [sg.Txt('_'  * 10)],      
            [sg.In(size=(8,1), key='denominator')],      
            [sg.Txt('', size=(8,1), key='output')  ],      
            [sg.Button('Calculate', bind_return_key=True)]]      
    
window = sg.Window('Math', layout)      
    
while True:      
    event, values = window.read()      
    
    if event is not None:      
        try:      
            numerator = float(values['numerator'])      
            denominator = float(values['denominator'])      
            calc = numerator / denominator      
        except:      
            calc = 'Invalid'      
    
        window['output'].update(calc)      
    else:      
        break      
```      
      
## One Element Updating  Another - Compound Elements

![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/49649095-1be40700-f9f6-11e8-981e-f56eb8404ae7.png)
   
You can easily build "compound elements" in a single like of code.  This recipe shows you how to add a numeric value onto a slider.

```python
import PySimpleGUI as sg  
  
layout = [[sg.Text('Slider Demonstration'), sg.Text('', key='_OUTPUT_')],  
            [sg.T('0',key='_LEFT_'),  
             sg.Slider((1,100), key='_SLIDER_', orientation='h', enable_events=True, disable_number_display=True),  
             sg.T('0', key='_RIGHT_')],  
            [sg.Button('Show'), sg.Button('Exit')]]  
  
window = sg.Window('Window Title', layout)  
  
while True:             # Event Loop  
  event, values = window.read()  
    print(event, values)  
    if event is None or event == 'Exit':  
        break  
  window['_LEFT_'].update(values['_SLIDER_'])  
    window['_RIGHT_'].update(values['_SLIDER_'])  
  
window.close()
```


## Multiple Windows

This recipe is a design pattern for multiple windows where the first window is not active while the second window is showing.  The first window is hidden to discourage continued interaction.


```Python
"""  
 PySimpleGUI The Complete Course Lesson 7 - Multiple Windows"""  
import PySimpleGUI as sg  
  
# Design pattern 1 - First window does not remain active  
  
layout = [[ sg.Text('Window 1'),],  
          [sg.Input()],  
          [sg.Text('', key='_OUTPUT_')],  
          [sg.Button('Launch 2')]]  
  
win1 = sg.Window('Window 1', layout)  
win2_active=False  
while True:  
    ev1, vals1 = win1.Read(timeout=100)  
    if ev1 is None:  
        break  
  win1.['_OUTPUT_'].update(vals1[0])  
  
    if ev1 == 'Launch 2'  and not win2_active:  
        win2_active = True  
  win1.Hide()  
        layout2 = [[sg.Text('Window 2')],       # note must create a layout from scratch every time. No reuse  
  [sg.Button('Exit')]]  
  
        win2 = sg.Window('Window 2', layout2)  
        while True:  
            ev2, vals2 = win2.Read()  
            if ev2 is None or ev2 == 'Exit':  
                win2.Close()  
                win2_active = False  
  win1.UnHide()  
                break
```
   
## tkinter Canvas Widget      
      
The Canvas Element is one of the few tkinter objects that are directly accessible.  The tkinter Canvas widget itself can be retrieved from a Canvas Element like this:      
```python      
    can = sg.Canvas(size=(100,100))      
    tkcanvas = can.TKCanvas      
    tkcanvas.create_oval(50, 50, 100, 100)      
```
      
While it's fun to scribble on a Canvas Widget, try Graph Element makes it a downright pleasant experience.  You do not have to worry about the tkinter coordinate system and can instead work in your own coordinate system.      
      
      
![canvas](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/44632429-5266ac00-a948-11e8-9ee0-664103c40178.jpg)      
      
```python    
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
      
    layout = [      
        [sg.Canvas(size=(100, 100), background_color='red', key= 'canvas')],      
        [sg.T('Change circle color to:'), sg.Button('Red'), sg.Button('Blue')]      
        ]      
      
    window = sg.Window('Canvas test', layout)      
    window.Finalize()      
      
    canvas = window['canvas')      
    cir = canvas.TKCanvas.create_oval(50, 50, 100, 100)      
      
    while True:      
        event, values = window.read()      
        if event is None:      
            break      
        if event == 'Blue':      
            canvas.TKCanvas.itemconfig(cir, fill="Blue")      
        elif event == 'Red':      
            canvas.TKCanvas.itemconfig(cir, fill="Red")      
```            
      
## Graph Element - drawing circle, rectangle, etc, objects      
      
Just like you can draw on a tkinter widget, you can also draw on a Graph Element.  Graph Elements are easier on the programmer as you get to work in your own coordinate system.      
      
![graph recipe](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/45920640-751bb000-be75-11e8-9530-45b71cbae07d.jpg)      
      
```python      
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
      
    layout = [      
               [sg.Graph(canvas_size=(400, 400), graph_bottom_left=(0,0), graph_top_right=(400, 400), background_color='red', key='graph')],      
               [sg.T('Change circle color to:'), sg.Button('Red'), sg.Button('Blue'), sg.Button('Move')]      
               ]      
      
    window = sg.Window('Graph test', layout)      
    window.Finalize()      
      
    graph = window['graph')      
    circle = graph.DrawCircle((75,75), 25, fill_color='black',line_color='white')      
    point = graph.DrawPoint((75,75), 10, color='green')      
    oval = graph.DrawOval((25,300), (100,280), fill_color='purple', line_color='purple'  )      
    rectangle = graph.DrawRectangle((25,300), (100,280), line_color='purple'  )      
    line = graph.DrawLine((0,0), (100,100))      
      
    while True:      
        event, values = window.read()      
        if event is None:      
            break      
        if event is 'Blue':      
            graph.TKCanvas.itemconfig(circle, fill = "Blue")      
        elif event is 'Red':      
            graph.TKCanvas.itemconfig(circle, fill = "Red")      
        elif event is 'Move':      
            graph.MoveFigure(point, 10,10)      
            graph.MoveFigure(circle, 10,10)      
            graph.MoveFigure(oval, 10,10)      
            graph.MoveFigure(rectangle, 10,10)      
```      
      
## Keypad Touchscreen Entry - Input Element Update      
      
This Recipe implements a Raspberry Pi touchscreen based keypad entry.  As the digits are entered using the buttons, the Input Element above it is updated with the input digits.      
There are a number of features used in this Recipe including:      
* Default Element Size      
* auto_size_buttons      
* Button      
* Dictionary Return values      
* Update of Elements in window (Input, Text)     
      
      
![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/46163555/68538641-ece0be80-0345-11ea-86b2-35c6208e2840.png)

      
```python    
import PySimpleGUI as sg

layout = [[sg.Text('Enter Your Passcode')],
          [sg.Input(size=(10, 1), justification='right', key='input')],
          [sg.Button('1'), sg.Button('2'), sg.Button('3')],
          [sg.Button('4'), sg.Button('5'), sg.Button('6')],
          [sg.Button('7'), sg.Button('8'), sg.Button('9')],
          [sg.Button('Submit'), sg.Button('0'), sg.Button('Clear')],
          [sg.Text(size=(15, 1), font=('Helvetica', 18), text_color='red', key='out')]]

window = sg.Window('Keypad', layout, default_button_element_size=(5,2), auto_size_buttons=False)

# Loop forever reading the window's values, updating the Input field
keys_entered = ''
while True:
    event, values = window.read()  # read the window
    if event is None:  # if the X button clicked, just exit
        break
    if event == 'Clear':  # clear keys if clear button
        keys_entered = ''
    elif event in '1234567890':
        keys_entered = values['input']  # get what's been entered so far
        keys_entered += event  # add the new digit
    elif event == 'Submit':
        keys_entered = values['input']
        window['out'].update(keys_entered)  # output the final string

    window['input'].update(keys_entered)  # change the window to reflect current key string   
```

----

## Matplotlib Window With GUI Window

There are 2 ways to use PySimpleGUI with Matplotlib.  Both use the standard tkinter based Matplotlib.

The simplest is when both the interactive Matplotlib window and a PySimpleGUI window are running at the same time.  

First the PySimpleGUI window appears giving you 3 options.

![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/46163555/68538920-23203d00-034a-11ea-9e3d-9b2a87d47824.png)

Clicking "Plot" will create the Matplotlib window

![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/46163555/68538926-2a474b00-034a-11ea-8da4-772498314656.png)

You can click the "Popup" button in the PySimpleGUI window and you'll see a popup window, proving the your GUI is still alive and operational.


```python
import PySimpleGUI as sg
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

"""
    Simultaneous PySimpleGUI Window AND a Matplotlib Interactive Window
    A number of people have requested the ability to run a normal PySimpleGUI window that
    launches a MatplotLib window that is interactive with the usual Matplotlib controls.
    It turns out to be a rather simple thing to do.  The secret is to add parameter block=False to plt.show()
"""

def draw_plot():
    plt.plot([0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7])
    plt.show(block=False)

layout = [[sg.Button('Plot'), sg.Cancel(), sg.Button('Popup')]]

window = sg.Window('Have some Matplotlib....', layout)

while True:
    event, values = window.read()
    if event in (None, 'Cancel'):
        break
    elif event == 'Plot':
        draw_plot()
    elif event == 'Popup':
        sg.popup('Yes, your application is still running')
window.close()

```


----

      
## Animated Matplotlib Graph      
      
Use the Canvas Element to create an animated graph.  The code is a bit tricky to follow, but if you know Matplotlib then this recipe shouldn't be too difficult to copy and modify.      
      
![animated matplotlib](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/44640937-91b9ea80-a992-11e8-9c1c-85ae74013679.jpg)      
      
      
```python
from tkinter import *
from random import randint
import PySimpleGUI as sg
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg, FigureCanvasAgg
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import matplotlib.backends.tkagg as tkagg
import tkinter as Tk

fig = Figure()

ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.set_xlabel("X axis")
ax.set_ylabel("Y axis")
ax.grid()

layout = [[sg.Text('Animated Matplotlib', size=(40, 1), justification='center', font='Helvetica 20')],
          [sg.Canvas(size=(640, 480), key='canvas')],
          [sg.Button('Exit', size=(10, 2), pad=((280, 0), 3), font='Helvetica 14')]]

# create the window and show it without the plot    


window = sg.Window('Demo Application - Embedding Matplotlib In PySimpleGUI', layout)
window.Finalize()  # needed to access the canvas element prior to reading the window

canvas_elem = window['canvas')

graph = FigureCanvasTkAgg(fig, master=canvas_elem.TKCanvas)
canvas = canvas_elem.TKCanvas

dpts = [randint(0, 10) for x in range(10000)]
# Our event loop      
for i in range(len(dpts)):
    event, values = window.read(timeout=20)
    if event == 'Exit' or event is None:
        exit(69)

    ax.cla()
    ax.grid()

    ax.plot(range(20), dpts[i:i + 20], color='purple')
    graph.draw()
    figure_x, figure_y, figure_w, figure_h = fig.bbox.bounds
    figure_w, figure_h = int(figure_w), int(figure_h)
    photo = Tk.PhotoImage(master=canvas, width=figure_w, height=figure_h)

    canvas.create_image(640 / 2, 480 / 2, image=photo)

    figure_canvas_agg = FigureCanvasAgg(fig)
    figure_canvas_agg.draw()

    tkagg.blit(photo, figure_canvas_agg.get_renderer()._renderer, colormode=2)      

```
 
 ---------



## Tight Layout with Button States      
      
Saw this example layout written in tkinter and liked it so much I duplicated the interface.  It's "tight", clean, and has a nice dark look and feel.      
      
This Recipe also contains code that implements the button interactions so that you'll have a template to build from.      
      
In other GUI frameworks this program would be most likely "event driven" with callback functions being used to communicate button events.  The "event loop" would be handled by the GUI engine.  If code already existed that used a call-back mechanism, the loop in the example code below could simply call these callback functions directly based on the button text it receives in the window.read call.      
      
![timemanagement](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/44996818-0f27c100-af78-11e8-8836-9ef6164efe3b.jpg)      
      
```python      
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
    """      
    Demonstrates using a "tight" layout with a Dark theme.      
    Shows how button states can be controlled by a user application.  The program manages the disabled/enabled      
    states for buttons and changes the text color to show greyed-out (disabled) buttons      
    """      
      
    sg.ChangeLookAndFeel('Dark')      
    sg.SetOptions(element_padding=(0,0))      
      
    layout = [[sg.T('User:', pad=((3,0),0)), sg.OptionMenu(values = ('User 1', 'User 2'), size=(20,1)), sg.T('0', size=(8,1))],      
              [sg.T('Customer:', pad=((3,0),0)), sg.OptionMenu(values=('Customer 1', 'Customer 2'), size=(20,1)), sg.T('1', size=(8,1))],      
              [sg.T('Notes:', pad=((3,0),0)), sg.In(size=(44,1), background_color='white', text_color='black')],      
              [sg.Button('Start', button_color=('white', 'black'), key='Start'),      
               sg.Button('Stop', button_color=('white', 'black'), key='Stop'),      
               sg.Button('Reset', button_color=('white', 'firebrick3'), key='Reset'),      
               sg.Button('Submit', button_color=('white', 'springgreen4'), key='Submit')]      
              ]      
      
    window = sg.Window("Time Tracker", layout, default_element_size=(12,1), text_justification='r', auto_size_text=False, auto_size_buttons=False,      
                       default_button_element_size=(12,1))      
    window.Finalize()      
    window['Stop'].update(disabled=True)      
    window['Reset'].update(disabled=True)      
    window['Submit'].update(disabled=True)      
    recording = have_data = False      
    while True:      
        event, values = window.read()      
        print(event)      
        if event is None:      
            exit(69)      
        if event is 'Start':      
            window['Start'].update(disabled=True)      
            window['Stop'].update(disabled=False)      
            window['Reset'].update(disabled=False)      
            window['Submit'].update(disabled=True)      
            recording = True      
         elif event is 'Stop'  and recording:      
            window['Stop'].update(disabled=True)      
            window['Start'].update(disabled=False)      
            window['Submit'].update(disabled=False)      
            recording = False      
            have_data = True      
         elif event is 'Reset':      
            window['Stop'].update(disabled=True)      
            window['Start'].update(disabled=False)      
            window['Submit'].update(disabled=True)      
            window['Reset'].update(disabled=False)      
            recording = False      
            have_data = False      
         elif event is 'Submit'  and have_data:      
            window['Stop'].update(disabled=True)      
            window['Start'].update(disabled=False)      
            window['Submit'].update(disabled=True)      
            window['Reset'].update(disabled=False)      
            recording = False      
```      
      
## Password Protection For Scripts      
      
You get 2 scripts in one.      
      
Use the upper half to generate your hash code.  Then paste it into the code in the lower half.  Copy and paste lower 1/2 into your code to get password protection for your script without putting the password into your source code.      
      
![password entry](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/45129440-ab58f000-b151-11e8-8ebe-e519a50b3ead.jpg)      
      
![password hash](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/45129441-ab58f000-b151-11e8-8a46-c2789bb7824e.jpg)      
      
```python
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
    import hashlib      
      
    '''      
         Create a secure login for your scripts without having to include your password    in the program.  Create an SHA1 hash code for your password using the GUI. Paste into variable in final program      
         1. Choose a password      
         2. Generate a hash code for your chosen password by running program and entering 'gui' as the password      
         3. Type password into the GUI      
         4. Copy and paste hash code Window GUI into variable named login_password_hash    
         5. Run program again and test your login!      
    '''      
      
    # Use this GUI to get your password's hash code      
    def HashGeneratorGUI():      
        layout = [[sg.T('Password Hash Generator', size=(30,1), font='Any 15')],      
                  [sg.T('Password'), sg.In(key='password')],      
                  [sg.T('SHA Hash'), sg.In('', size=(40,1), key='hash')],      
                  ]      
      
        window = sg.Window('SHA Generator', layout, auto_size_text=False, default_element_size=(10,1),      
                           text_justification='r', return_keyboard_events=True, grab_anywhere=False)  
      
      
        while True:      
            event, values = window.read()      
            if event is None:      
                  exit(69)      
      
            password = values['password']      
            try:      
                password_utf = password.encode('utf-8')      
                sha1hash = hashlib.sha1()      
                sha1hash.update(password_utf)      
                password_hash = sha1hash.hexdigest()      
                window['hash'].update(password_hash)      
            except:      
                pass      
      
    # ----------------------------- Paste this code into your program / script -----------------------------      
    # determine if a password matches the secret password by comparing SHA1 hash codes      
    def PasswordMatches(password, hash):      
        password_utf = password.encode('utf-8')      
        sha1hash = hashlib.sha1()      
        sha1hash.update(password_utf)      
        password_hash = sha1hash.hexdigest()      
        if password_hash == hash:      
            return True      
         else:      
            return False      
      
    login_password_hash = '5baa61e4c9b93f3f0682250b6cf8331b7ee68fd8'      
    password = sg.popup_get_text('Password', password_char='*')      
    if password == 'gui':                # Remove when pasting into your program      
      HashGeneratorGUI()               # Remove when pasting into your program      
      exit(69)                         # Remove when pasting into your program      
    if PasswordMatches(password, login_password_hash):      
        print('Login SUCCESSFUL')      
    else:      
        print('Login FAILED!!')      
```      
      
## Desktop Floating Toolbar      
      
#### Hiding your windows commmand window      
For this and the Time & CPU Widgets you may wish to consider using a tool or technique that will hide your Windows Command Prompt window.  I recommend the techniques found on this site:      
      
[http://www.robvanderwoude.com/battech_hideconsole.php](http://www.robvanderwoude.com/battech_hideconsole.php)      
      
At the moment I'm using the technique that involves wscript and a script named RunNHide.vbs.  They are working beautifully.  I'm using a hotkey program and launch by using this script with the command "python.exe insert_program_here.py".   I guess the next widget should be one that shows all the programs launched this way so you can kill any bad ones.  If you don't properly catch the exit button on your window then your while loop is going to keep on working while your window is no longer there so be careful in your code to always have exit explicitly handled.    
      
      
### Floating toolbar      
      
This is a cool one!  (Sorry about the code pastes... I'm working in it)      
      
Impress your friends at what a tool-wizard you are by popping a custom toolbar that you keep in the corner of your screen.  It stays on top of all your other windows.      
      
      
      
      
![toolbar gray](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/45324308-bfb73700-b51b-11e8-90e7-ab24f3d6e61d.jpg)      
      
You can easily change colors to match your background by changing a couple of parameters in the code.      
      
![toolbar black](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/45324307-bfb73700-b51b-11e8-8709-6c3c23f737c4.jpg)      
      
```python      
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
    import subprocess      
    import os      
    import sys      
      
    """      
     Demo_Toolbar - A floating toolbar with quick launcher     One cool PySimpleGUI demo. Shows borderless windows, grab_anywhere, tight button layout      
     You can setup a specific program to launch when a button is clicked, or use the Combobox to select a .py file found in the root folder, and run that file.  """      
      
    ROOT_PATH = './'      
      
    def Launcher():      
      
        def print(line):      
            window['output'].update(line)      
      
        sg.ChangeLookAndFeel('Dark')      
      
        namesonly = [f for f in os.listdir(ROOT_PATH) if f.endswith('.py') ]      
      
        sg.SetOptions(element_padding=(0,0), button_element_size=(12,1), auto_size_buttons=False)      
        layout =  [[sg.Combo(values=namesonly, size=(35,30), key='demofile'),      
                    sg.Button('Run', button_color=('white', '#00168B')),      
                    sg.Button('Program 1'),      
                    sg.Button('Program 2'),      
                    sg.Button('Program 3', button_color=('white', '#35008B')),      
                    sg.Button('EXIT', button_color=('white','firebrick3'))],      
                    [sg.T('', text_color='white', size=(50,1), key='output')]]      
      
        window = sg.Window('Floating Toolbar', layout, no_titlebar=True, keep_on_top=True)
      
        # ---===--- Loop taking in user input (events) --- #      
        while True:      
            (event, value) = window.read()      
            if event ==  'EXIT'  or event is None:      
                break # exit button clicked      
            if event ==  'Program 1':      
                print('Run your program 1 here!')      
            elif event ==  'Program 2':      
                print('Run your program 2 here!')      
            elif event ==  'Run':      
                file = value['demofile']      
                print('Launching %s'%file)      
                ExecuteCommandSubprocess('python', os.path.join(ROOT_PATH, file))      
            else:      
                print(event)      
      
    def ExecuteCommandSubprocess(command, *args, wait=False):      
        try:      
            if sys.platwindow == 'linux':      
                arg_string = ''      
                for arg in args:      
                     arg_string += ' '  + str(arg)      
                sp = subprocess.Popen(['python3'  + arg_string, ], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)      
            else:      
                sp = subprocess.Popen([command, list(args)], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)      
      
            if wait:      
                out, err = sp.communicate()      
                if out:      
                    print(out.decode("utf-8"))      
                if err:      
                    print(err.decode("utf-8"))      
        except: pass      
      
      
      
    if __name__ == '__main__':      
        Launcher()      
```      
      
      
      
## Desktop Floating Widget - Timer      
      
This is a little widget you can leave running on your desktop.  Will hopefully see more of these for things like checking email, checking server pings, displaying system information, dashboards, etc      
.      
Much of the code is handling the button states in a fancy way.  It could be much simpler if you don't change the button text based on state.      
      
![timer](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/45336349-26a31300-b551-11e8-8b06-d1232ff8ca10.jpg)      
      
```python
import sys
if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
    import PySimpleGUI as sg
else:
    import PySimpleGUI27 as sg
import time

"""
 Timer Desktop Widget Creates a floating timer that is always on top of other windows You move it by grabbing anywhere on the window Good example of how to do a non-blocking, polling program using SimpleGUI Can be used to poll hardware when running on a Pi
 
 While the timer ticks are being generated by PySimpleGUI's "timeout" mechanism, the actual value
  of the timer that is displayed comes from the system timer, time.time().  This guarantees an
  accurate time value is displayed regardless of the accuracy of the PySimpleGUI timer tick. If
  this design were not used, then the time value displayed would slowly drift by the amount of time
  it takes to execute the PySimpleGUI read and update calls (not good!)     
 
 NOTE - you will get a warning message printed when you exit using exit button.
 It will look something like: invalid command name \"1616802625480StopMove\"
"""


# ----------------  Create Form  ----------------
sg.ChangeLookAndFeel('Black')
sg.SetOptions(element_padding=(0, 0))

layout = [[sg.Text('')],
         [sg.Text('', size=(8, 2), font=('Helvetica', 20), justification='center', key='text')],
         [sg.Button('Pause', key='button', button_color=('white', '#001480')),
          sg.Button('Reset', button_color=('white', '#007339'), key='Reset'),
          sg.Exit(button_color=('white', 'firebrick4'), key='Exit')]]

window = sg.Window('Running Timer', layout, no_titlebar=True, auto_size_buttons=False, keep_on_top=True, grab_anywhere=True)

# ----------------  main loop  ----------------
current_time = 0
paused = False
start_time = int(round(time.time() * 100))
while (True):
    # --------- Read and update window --------
    if not paused:
        event, values = window.read(timeout=10)
        current_time = int(round(time.time() * 100)) - start_time
    else:
        event, values = window.read()
    if event == 'button':
        event = window[event).GetText()
    # --------- Do Button Operations --------
    if event is None or event == 'Exit':        # ALWAYS give a way out of program
        break
    if event is 'Reset':
        start_time = int(round(time.time() * 100))
        current_time = 0
        paused_time = start_time
    elif event == 'Pause':
        paused = True
        paused_time = int(round(time.time() * 100))
        element = window['button')
        element.update(text='Run')
    elif event == 'Run':
        paused = False
        start_time = start_time + int(round(time.time() * 100)) - paused_time
        element = window['button')
        element.update(text='Pause')

    # --------- Display timer in window --------
    window['text'].update('{:02d}:{:02d}.{:02d}'.format((current_time // 100) // 60,
                                                                  (current_time // 100) % 60,
                                                                  current_time % 100))
```

      
## Desktop Floating Widget - CPU Utilization      
      
Like the Timer widget above, this script can be kept running.  You will need the package psutil installed in order to run this Recipe.    
  
The spinner changes the number of seconds between reads.  Note that you will get an error message printed when exiting because the window does not have have a titlebar.  It's a known problem.      
      
      
![cpu widget 2](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/45456096-77348080-b6b7-11e8-8906-6663c31ad0eb.jpg)      
      
      
      
```python
import PySimpleGUI as sg
import psutil

# ----------------  Create Window  ----------------
sg.ChangeLookAndFeel('Black')
layout = [[sg.Text('')],
          [sg.Text('', size=(8, 2), font=('Helvetica', 20), justification='center', key='text')],
          [sg.Exit(button_color=('white', 'firebrick4'), pad=((15, 0), 0)),
           sg.Spin([x + 1 for x in range(10)], 1, key='spin')]]

window = sg.Window('Running Timer', layout, no_titlebar=True, auto_size_buttons=False, keep_on_top=True,
                   grab_anywhere=True)

# ----------------  main loop  ----------------
while (True):
    # --------- Read and update window --------
    event, values = window.read(timeout=0)

    # --------- Do Button Operations --------
    if event is None or event == 'Exit':
        break
    try:
        interval = int(values['spin'])
    except:
        interval = 1

    cpu_percent = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=interval)

    # --------- Display timer in window --------

    window['text'].update(f'CPU {cpu_percent:02.0f}%')

# Broke out of main loop. Close the window.
window.close()
``` 
      
## Menus      
      
Menus are nothing more than buttons that live in a menu-bar.  When you click on a menu item, you get back a "button" with that menu item's text, just as you would had that text been on a button.      
      
Menu's are defined separately from the GUI window.  To add one to your window, simply insert sg.Menu(menu_layout).  The menu definition is a list of menu choices and submenus.  They are a list of lists.  Copy the Recipe and play with it.  You'll eventually get when you're looking for.    
      
If you double click the dashed line at the top of the list of choices, that menu will tear off and become a floating toolbar.  How cool!  To enable this feature, set the parameter `tearoff=True` in your call to `sg.Menu()`  
      
      
![tear off](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/45307668-9aabcf80-b4ed-11e8-9b2b-8564d4bf82a8.jpg)      
      
      
```python      
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
      
    sg.ChangeLookAndFeel('LightGreen')      
    sg.SetOptions(element_padding=(0, 0))      
      
    # ------ Menu Definition ------ #      
    menu_def = [['File', ['Open', 'Save', 'Exit'  ]],      
                ['Edit', ['Paste', ['Special', 'Normal', ], 'Undo'], ],      
                ['Help', 'About...'], ]      
      
    # ------ GUI Defintion ------ #      
    layout = [      
        [sg.Menu(menu_def, )],      
        [sg.Output(size=(60, 20))]      
             ]      
      
    window = sg.Window("Windows-like program", layout, default_element_size=(12, 1), auto_size_text=False, auto_size_buttons=False,      
                       default_button_element_size=(12, 1))      
      
    # ------ Loop & Process button menu choices ------ #      
    while True:      
        event, values = window.read()      
        if event == None or event == 'Exit':      
            break      
        print('Button = ', event)      
        # ------ Process menu choices ------ #      
        if event == 'About...':      
            sg.popup('About this program', 'Version 1.0', 'PySimpleGUI rocks...')      
        elif event == 'Open':      
            filename = sg.popup_get_file('file to open', no_window=True)      
            print(filename)      
```
      
## Graphing with Graph Element      
      
Use the Graph Element to draw points, lines, circles, rectangles using ***your***  coordinate systems rather than the underlying graphics coordinates.      
      
In this example we're defining our graph to be from -100, -100 to +100,+100.  That means that zero is in the middle of the drawing.  You define this graph description in your call to Graph.      
  
      
![graph markers](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/46113087-01eaa480-c1bb-11e8-9784-0dbb4ce728b0.jpg)  
      
      
```python  
import math    
import PySimpleGUI as sg    
    
layout = [[sg.Graph(canvas_size=(400, 400), graph_bottom_left=(-105,-105), graph_top_right=(105,105), background_color='white', key='graph', tooltip='This is a cool graph!')],]    
    
window = sg.Window('Graph of Sine Function', layout, grab_anywhere=True).Finalize()    
graph = window['graph')    
    
# Draw axis    
graph.DrawLine((-100,0), (100,0))    
graph.DrawLine((0,-100), (0,100))    
    
for x in range(-100, 101, 20):    
    graph.DrawLine((x,-3), (x,3))    
    if x != 0:    
        graph.DrawText( x, (x,-10), color='green')    
    
for y in range(-100, 101, 20):    
    graph.DrawLine((-3,y), (3,y))    
    if y != 0:    
        graph.DrawText( y, (-10,y), color='blue')    
    
# Draw Graph    
for x in range(-100,100):    
    y = math.sin(x/20)*50    
    graph.DrawCircle((x,y), 1, line_color='red', fill_color='red')    
    
event, values = window.read()  
```
  
    
      
## Tabs      
  
Tabs bring not only an extra level of sophistication to your window layout, they give you extra room to add more elements.  Tabs are one of the 3 container Elements, Elements that hold or contain other Elements.  The other two are the Column and Frame Elements.  
  
  
![tabs](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/46049479-97732f00-c0fc-11e8-8015-5bbed8bd88bb.jpg)  
  
  
  
```python
import PySimpleGUI as sg    
    
tab1_layout =  [[sg.T('This is inside tab 1')]]    
    
tab2_layout = [[sg.T('This is inside tab 2')],    
               [sg.In(key='in')]]    
    
layout = [[sg.TabGroup([[sg.Tab('Tab 1', tab1_layout, tooltip='tip'), sg.Tab('Tab 2', tab2_layout)]], tooltip='TIP2')],    
          [sg.Button('Read')]]    
    
window = sg.Window('My window with tabs', layout, default_element_size=(12,1))    
    
while True:    
    event, values = window.read()    
    print(event,values)    
    if event is None:           # always,  always give a way out!    
        break  
```
  
  
  
## Creating a Windows .EXE File      
      
It's possible to create a single .EXE file that can be distributed to Windows users.  There is no requirement to install the Python interpreter on the PC you wish to run it on.  Everything it needs is in the one EXE file, assuming you're running a somewhat up to date version of Windows.      
      
Installation of the packages, you'll need to install PySimpleGUI and PyInstaller (you need to install only once)      
      
    pip install PySimpleGUI      
    pip install PyInstaller      
      
To create your EXE file from your program that uses PySimpleGUI, `my_program.py`,  enter this command in your  Windows command prompt:      
      
    pyinstaller -wF my_program.py      
      
You will be left with a single file, `my_program.exe`, located in a folder named `dist` under the folder where you executed the `pyinstaller` command.      
      
That's all... Run your `my_program.exe` file on the Windows machine of your choosing.      
      
> "It's just that easy."      
>      
(famous last words that screw up just about anything being referenced)      
      
Your EXE file should run without creating a "shell window".  Only the GUI window should show up on your taskbar.
