

![pysimplegui_logo](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/43165867-fe02e3b2-8f62-11e8-9fd0-cc7c86b11772.png)  
    
      
# The PySimpleGUI Cookbook      
      
      
You'll find that starting with a Recipe will give you a big jump-start on creating your custom GUI.  Copy and paste one of these Recipes and modify it to match your requirements.  Study them to get an idea of what design patterns to follow.    
  
The Recipes in this Cookbook all assume you're running on a Python3 machine.  If you are running Python 2.7 then your code will differ by 2 characters.  Replace the import statement:  
  
    import PySimpleGUI as sg  
  
with  
  
    import PySimpleGUI27 as sg  
  
There is a short section in the main documentation at http://www.PySimpleGUI.org with instructions on installing PySimpleGUI.  
  
If you like this Cookbook, then you'll LOVE the 170+ sample programs that are just like these.  You'll find them in the GitHub at http://www.PySimpleGUI.com.  These Recipes are simply several of those programs displayed in document format.  

      
# Copy these design patterns!      
      
All of your PySimpleGUI programs will utilize one of these 2 design patterns depending on the type of window you're implementing.     The two types of windows are:
1. One-shot window
2. Persistent window

The one-shot window is one that pops up, collects some data, and then disappears.  It is more or less a 'form'.

The "Persistent" window is one that sticks around.  With these programs, you loop, reading and processing "events" such as button clicks. 
      
NOTE - The concept of "keys" is explained below. While they are shown as strings in the examples, they can be ANYTHING (ints, tuples, lists, objects, ....)
      
## Pattern 1 - "One-shot Window" - (The Simplest Pattern)    

![Pattern1](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/46163555/64929604-0c4fe500-d7f6-11e9-9dc1-bb34d5aafd23.jpg)   


![Pattern1 Popup](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/46163555/64929603-0c4fe500-d7f6-11e9-8309-68a9279c6c72.jpg)


This will be the most common pattern you'll follow if you are not using an "event loop" (not reading the window multiple times).  The window is read and then closed.
    
When you "read" a window, you are returned a tuple consisting of an `event` and a dictionary of `values`.  

The`event` is what caused the read to return. It could be a button press, some text clicked, a list item chosen, etc, or None if the user closes the window.

The `values` is a dictionary of values of all the input-style elements.  Dictionaries use keys to define entries. If your elements do not specificy a key, one is provided for you. These auto-numbered keys are ints starting at zero.

This design pattern does not specify a `key` for the `InputText` element, so its key will be auto-numbered and is specifically zero.  Thus the design pattern can get the value of whatever was input by referencing `values[0]`
   
```python    
import PySimpleGUI as sg      
    
layout = [[sg.Text('My one-shot window.')],      
                 [sg.InputText()],      
                 [sg.Submit(), sg.Cancel()]]      
      
window = sg.Window('Window Title', layout)    
    
event, values = window.Read()    
window.Close()
    
text_input = values[0]    
sg.Popup('You entered', text_input)
```    

If you want to use a key instead of an auto-generated key:

```python    
import PySimpleGUI as sg      
    
layout = [[sg.Text('My one-shot window.')],      
                 [sg.InputText(key='-IN-')],      
                 [sg.Submit(), sg.Cancel()]]      
      
window = sg.Window('Window Title', layout)    
    
event, values = window.Read()    
window.Close()
    
text_input = values['-IN-']    
sg.Popup('You entered', text_input)
``` 



## Pattern 2 A - Persistent window (multiple reads using an event loop)      


![Pattern2](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/46163555/64929605-0c4fe500-d7f6-11e9-8c00-b74988a706e3.jpg)


Some of the more advanced programs operate with the window remaining visible on the screen.  Input values are collected, but rather than closing the window, it is kept visible acting as a way to both output information to the user and gather input data.  In other words, a typical Window, Mac or Linux window.  You are writing ***real GUI code*** that will look and act like other windows you're used to using.
    
This code will present a window and will print values until the user clicks the exit button or closes window using an X.    

      
```python    
import PySimpleGUI as sg      
      
layout = [[sg.Text('Persistent window')],      
          [sg.Input(key='-IN-')],      
          [sg.Button('Read'), sg.Exit()]]      
      
window = sg.Window('Window that stays open', layout)      
      
while True:      
    event, values = window.Read() 
    print(event, values)       
    if event in (None, 'Exit'):      
        break      

window.Close()
```    


Here is some sample output from this code:

```
Read {'-IN-': 'typed into input field'}
Read {'-IN-': 'More typing'}
Exit {'-IN-': 'clicking the exit button this time'}
```

The first thing printed is the "event" which in this program is the buttons.  The next thing printed is the `values` variable that holds the dictionary of return values from the read.  This dictionary has only 1 entry.  The "key" for the entry is `'-IN-'` and matches the key passed into the `Input` element creation on this line of code:
```python
          [sg.Input(key='-IN-')],      
```

If the window was close using the X, then the output of the code will be:
```
None {'-IN-': None}
```

The `event` returned from the read is set to `None` and so are the input fields in the window.  This `None` event is super-important to check for.  It must be detected in your windows or else you'll be trying to work with a window that's been destroyed and your code will crash.  This is why you will find this check after ***every*** `window.Read()` call you'll find in sample PySimpleGUI code.


## Pattern 2 B - Persistent window (multiple reads using an event loop + updates data in window)   

![Pattern2B](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/46163555/64929632-7c5e6b00-d7f6-11e9-90b3-70e79cd2547c.jpg)

This is a slightly more complex, but maybe more realistic version that reads input from the user and displays that input as text in the window.  Your program is likely to be doing both of those activities so this will give you a big jump-start.

Do not worry yet what all of these statements mean.   Just copy it so you can begin to play with it, make some changes.  Experiment to see how thing work.


```python
import PySimpleGUI as sg

layout = [[sg.Text('Your typed chars appear here:'), sg.Text('', size=(15,1), key='-OUTPUT-')],
          [sg.Input(key='-IN-')],
          [sg.Button('Show'), sg.Button('Exit')]]

window = sg.Window('Pattern 2B', layout)

while True:  # Event Loop
    event, values = window.Read()
    print(event, values)
    if event is None or event == 'Exit':
        break
    if event == 'Show':
        # Update the "output" text element to be the value of "input" element
        window['-OUTPUT-'].Update(values['-IN-'])

        # A shortened version of this update can be written without the ".Update"
        # window['-OUTPUT-'](values['-IN-'])     
        # In older code you'll find it written using FindElement or Element
        # window.FindElement('-OUTPUT-').Update(values['-IN-'])

window.Close()
```

As you can see in the comments, there are multiple ways out "outputting" to an element, or changing an element in some way, in a window.  The way we're achieving output here is by changing a Text Element.

The original / old-style way of doing this was to call `window.FindElement` or the shortened `window.Element`

```python
window.FindElement('-OUTPUT-').Update(values['-IN-'])
or
window.Element('-OUTPUT-').Update(values['-IN-'])
```

That technique has been recently replaced with a shortened version that looks more like a dictionary lookup using the `window` variable.  You can think of the operation as "lookup the element in this window that has this key".  Once you have that element, then this statement is calling that element's `Update` method.

```python
window['-OUTPUT-'].Update(values['-IN-'])
```

Even this can be further shortened.  If you "call" an existing element, then it is the same as calling that element's `Update` method.  To do this, you simply delete the `.Update` from the statement and you're left with:

```python
window['-OUTPUT-'](values['-IN-'])
```

Yes, it looks a little strange, but now that you've seen these variations, you'll immediately know that seeing `window[key]` means you're finding an element in that window.  Anything after that part of the statement means you're working directly with an element.  Maybe the element has another method besides `Update` you want to call, like `Get()`.  If so, then it is written simply as:


```python
window[my_key].Get()
```

----


# 1 Shot - Simple Data Entry - Return Values - Auto Numbered   

An Element's key will be automatically numbered, starting at 0, if you do not use the `key` parameter when creating an element and it's an element that will return values to you via the `Window.Read()` call.

This example has no keys specified.  The 3 input fields will have keys 0, 1, 2.  Keys like this make the return values look like a list rather than a dictionary.  Your first input element will be accessed as `values[0]`, just like a list would look.


![super simple 2](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/43934091-8100e29a-9c1b-11e8-8d0a-9bd2d13e6d8e.jpg)      
      
```python
import PySimpleGUI as sg

# Very basic window.  Return values using auto numbered keys

layout = [
    [sg.Text('Please enter your Name, Address, Phone')],
    [sg.Text('Name', size=(15, 1)), sg.InputText()],
    [sg.Text('Address', size=(15, 1)), sg.InputText()],
    [sg.Text('Phone', size=(15, 1)), sg.InputText()],
    [sg.Submit(), sg.Cancel()]
]

window = sg.Window('Simple data entry window', layout)
event, values = window.Read()
window.Close()
print(event, values[0], values[1], values[2])    # the input data looks like a simple list when auto numbered
print(event, values)     
```    
      


--------------------------      
## Add GUI to Front-End of Script      
Quickly add a GUI allowing the user to browse for a filename if a filename is not supplied on the command line using this 1-line GUI. It's the best of both worlds.  If you want command line, you can use it.  If you don't specify, then the GUI will fire up.

### The "Single Line GUI" version

Here's the "single line GUI" version of a front-end
      
![script front-end](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/44756573-39e9c380-aaf9-11e8-97b4-6679f9f5bd46.jpg)      
      
```python      
import PySimpleGUI as sg
import sys

if len(sys.argv) == 1:
    event, values = sg.Window('My Script').Layout([[sg.Text('Document to open')],
                                                   [sg.In(), sg.FileBrowse()],
                                                   [sg.CloseButton('Open'), sg.CloseButton('Cancel')]]).Read()
    fname = values[0]
    print(event, values)
else:
    fname = sys.argv[1]

if not fname:
    sg.Popup("Cancel", "No filename supplied")
    raise SystemExit("Cancelling: no filename supplied")
    
```     

### The More "Typical Version"

That's showing off a bit just to crunch things down to a single line of GUI code.

It's unusual to use the `CloseButton` Element.  Typically you use `Button`.  Normally you would not chain together so many calls.  Instead you would create the `Window` and put into `window` variable.  Then `Read` the window and finally `window.Close()`

Using the more "traditional" style PySimpleGUI code:

```python
import PySimpleGUI as sg
import sys

if len(sys.argv) == 1:
    layout = [[sg.Text('Document to open')],
             [sg.In(), sg.FileBrowse()],
             [sg.Open(), sg.Cancel()]]
    
    window = sg.Window('My Script', layout)
    event, values = window.Read()
    window.Close()
    
    fname = values[0]
    print(event, values)
else:
    fname = sys.argv[1]

if not fname:
    sg.Popup("Cancel", "No filename supplied")
    raise SystemExit("Cancelling: no filename supplied")
else:
    sg.Popup('The filename you chose was', fname)

```
      
### The `PopupGetFile` Version

Why recreate the wheel?  There's a `Popup` function that will get a Filename for you.  This truly is a single-line GUI:
```python
fname = sg.PopupGetFile('Document to open')
```

The entire Popup based solution for this get filename example is:


```python
import PySimpleGUI as sg
import sys

if len(sys.argv) == 1:
    fname = sg.PopupGetFile('Document to open')
else:
    fname = sys.argv[1]

if not fname:
    sg.Popup("Cancel", "No filename supplied")
    raise SystemExit("Cancelling: no filename supplied")
else:
    sg.Popup('The filename you chose was', fname)
```

How about a GUI **_and_** traditional CLI argument in 1 line of code?

```python
import PySimpleGUI as sg
import sys

fname = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else sg.PopupGetFile('Document to open')

if not fname:
    sg.Popup("Cancel", "No filename supplied")
    raise SystemExit("Cancelling: no filename supplied")
else:
    sg.Popup('The filename you chose was', fname)
```


Really, how much more could you possibly ask for you lazy programmer?


--------------      
      
## Compare 2 Files      
      
Browse to get 2 file names that can be then compared.      
      
![compare 2 files](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/43934659-60dc5fbe-9c1e-11e8-8d2b-07c0e3b61892.jpg)      
      
```python
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
      
    layout = [[sg.Text('Enter 2 files to comare')],    
                 [sg.Text('File 1', size=(8, 1)), sg.Input(), sg.FileBrowse()],      
                 [sg.Text('File 2', size=(8, 1)), sg.Input(), sg.FileBrowse()],      
                 [sg.Submit(), sg.Cancel()]]      
      
    window = sg.Window('File Compare', layout)  
      
    event, values = window.Read()  
    window.Close()
    print(event, values)      
```      
---------------      
## Nearly All Elements with Color Theme, Menus,  (The Everything Bagel)

Example of nearly all of the Elements in a single window.  Uses a customized color scheme, lots of Elements, default values, Columns, Frames with colored text, tooltips, file browsing.  There are at least 13 different Elements used.  

Before scrolling down to the code, guess how many lines of Python code were required to create this custom layout window.

      
![latest everything bagel](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/45920376-22d89000-be71-11e8-8ac4-640f011f84d0.jpg)      
      
      
```python      
    #!/usr/bin/env Python3      
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
      
    sg.ChangeLookAndFeel('GreenTan')      
      
    # ------ Menu Definition ------ #      
    menu_def = [['File', ['Open', 'Save', 'Exit', 'Properties']],      
                ['Edit', ['Paste', ['Special', 'Normal', ], 'Undo'], ],      
                ['Help', 'About...'], ]      
      
    # ------ Column Definition ------ #      
    column1 = [[sg.Text('Column 1', background_color='#F7F3EC', justification='center', size=(10, 1))],      
               [sg.Spin(values=('Spin Box 1', '2', '3'), initial_value='Spin Box 1')],      
               [sg.Spin(values=('Spin Box 1', '2', '3'), initial_value='Spin Box 2')],      
               [sg.Spin(values=('Spin Box 1', '2', '3'), initial_value='Spin Box 3')]]      
      
    layout = [      
        [sg.Menu(menu_def, tearoff=True)],      
        [sg.Text('All graphic widgets in one window!', size=(30, 1), justification='center', font=("Helvetica", 25), relief=sg.RELIEF_RIDGE)],    
        [sg.Text('Here is some text.... and a place to enter text')],      
        [sg.InputText('This is my text')],      
        [sg.Frame(layout=[      
        [sg.Checkbox('Checkbox', size=(10,1)),  sg.Checkbox('My second checkbox!', default=True)],      
        [sg.Radio('My first Radio!     ', "RADIO1", default=True, size=(10,1)), sg.Radio('My second Radio!', "RADIO1")]], title='Options',title_color='red', relief=sg.RELIEF_SUNKEN, tooltip='Use these to set flags')],      
        [sg.Multiline(default_text='This is the default Text should you decide not to type anything', size=(35, 3)),      
         sg.Multiline(default_text='A second multi-line', size=(35, 3))],      
        [sg.InputCombo(('Combobox 1', 'Combobox 2'), size=(20, 1)),      
         sg.Slider(range=(1, 100), orientation='h', size=(34, 20), default_value=85)],      
        [sg.InputOptionMenu(('Menu Option 1', 'Menu Option 2', 'Menu Option 3'))],      
        [sg.Listbox(values=('Listbox 1', 'Listbox 2', 'Listbox 3'), size=(30, 3)),      
         sg.Frame('Labelled Group',[[      
         sg.Slider(range=(1, 100), orientation='v', size=(5, 20), default_value=25),      
         sg.Slider(range=(1, 100), orientation='v', size=(5, 20), default_value=75),      
         sg.Slider(range=(1, 100), orientation='v', size=(5, 20), default_value=10),      
         sg.Column(column1, background_color='#F7F3EC')]])],      
        [sg.Text('_'  * 80)],      
        [sg.Text('Choose A Folder', size=(35, 1))],      
        [sg.Text('Your Folder', size=(15, 1), auto_size_text=False, justification='right'),      
         sg.InputText('Default Folder'), sg.FolderBrowse()],      
        [sg.Submit(tooltip='Click to submit this window'), sg.Cancel()]    
    ]      
      
      
    window = sg.Window('Everything bagel', layout, default_element_size=(40, 1), grab_anywhere=False)      
      
    event, values = window.Read()      
      
    sg.Popup('Title',      
             'The results of the window.',      
             'The button clicked was "{}"'.format(event),      
             'The values are', values)      

```
      
      
#### 35 lines of code

That's what the window definition, creation, display and get values ultimately ended up being when you remove the blank lines above.  Try displaying 13 seperate "GUI Widgets" in any of the GUI frameworks.  There's $20 waiting for the person that can code up the same window in under 35 lines of Python code using tkinter, WxPython, or Qt

-------------      

      
## Asynchronous Window With Periodic Update    

An async Window that has a event loop, and updates a text element at a periodic interval.  In this case, we're outputting the time elapsed into the window. 

Use this design pattern for projects that need to poll or output something on a regular basis.  In this case, we're indicating we want a `timeout=10` on our `window.Read` call.  This will cause the `Read` call to return a "timeout key" as the event when a timeout has happened without some GUI thing happening first (like the user clicking a button).  The timeout key is `PySimpleGUI.TIMEOUT_KEY` usually written as `sg.TIMEOUT_KEY` in normal PySimpleGUI code.

Use caution when using windows with a timeout.  You should **rarely** need to use a `timeout=0`, non-blocking call, so try not to abuse this design pattern.  Honest, you shouldn't do it unless you're a realtime application and know what you're doing.  Hint - if you have < 1 year programming experience and you're using `timeout=0`, you're doing something wrong.

A note about timers... this is not a good design for a stopwatch as it can very easily drift. This would never pass for a good solution in a bit of commercial code.  For better accuracy always get the actual time from a reputable source, like the operating system.  Use that as what you use to measure and display the time.  

      
![non-blocking](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/43955295-70f6ac48-9c6d-11e8-8ea2-e6729ba9330c.jpg)      
      
```python      
import PySimpleGUI as sg

layout = [  [sg.Text('Stopwatch', size=(20, 2), justification='center')],
            [sg.Text('', size=(10, 2), font=('Helvetica', 20), justification='center', key='_OUTPUT_')],
            [sg.T(' ' * 5), sg.Button('Start/Stop', focus=True), sg.Quit()]]

window = sg.Window('Stopwatch Timer', layout)

timer_running, i = True, 0

while True:        # Event Loop
    event, values = window.Read(timeout=10) # Please try and use as high of a timeout value as you can
    if event is None or event == 'Quit':    # if user closed the window using X or clicked Quit button
        break
    elif event == 'Start/Stop':
        timer_running = not timer_running
    if timer_running:
        window.Element('_OUTPUT_').Update('{:02d}:{:02d}.{:02d}'.format((i // 100) // 60, (i // 100) % 60, i % 100))
        i += 1
```          

      
--------      
      
## Callback Function Simulation      
The architecture of some programs works better with button callbacks instead of handling in-line.  While button callbacks are part of the PySimpleGUI implementation, they are not directly exposed to the caller.  The way to get the same result as callbacks is to simulate them with a recipe like this one.      
      
![button callback 2](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/43955588-e139ddc6-9c6e-11e8-8c78-c1c226b8d9b1.jpg)      

```python      
import PySimpleGUI as sg

# This design pattern simulates button callbacks
# Note that callbacks are NOT a part of the package's interface to the
# caller intentionally.  The underlying implementation actually does use
# tkinter callbacks.  They are simply hidden from the user.

# The callback functions
def button1():
    print('Button 1 callback')

def button2():
    print('Button 2 callback')

# Lookup dictionary that maps button to function to call
func_dict = {'1':button1, '2':button2}

# Layout the design of the GUI
layout = [[sg.Text('Please click a button', auto_size_text=True)],
          [sg.Button('1'), sg.Button('2'), sg.Quit()]]

# Show the Window to the user
window = sg.Window('Button callback example', layout)

# Event loop. Read buttons, make callbacks
while True:
    # Read the Window
    event, value = window.Read()
    if event in ('Quit', None):
        break
    # Lookup event in function dictionary
    try:
        func_to_call = func_dict[event]   # look for a match in the function dictionary
        func_to_call()                    # if successfully found a match, call the function found
    except:
        pass

window.Close()

    # All done!
sg.PopupOK('Done')     
```
      
   
## Realtime Buttons (Good For Raspberry Pi)      
This recipe implements a remote control interface for a robot.  There are 4 directions, forward, reverse, left, right.  When a button is clicked, PySimpleGUI immediately returns button events for as long as the buttons is held down.  When released, the button events stop.  This is an async/non-blocking window.      
      
![robot control](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/44006710-d227f23e-9e56-11e8-89a3-2be5b2726199.jpg)      

```python      
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
      
      
    layout = [[sg.Text('Robotics Remote Control')],    
                 [sg.T(' '  * 10), sg.RealtimeButton('Forward')],      
                 [sg.RealtimeButton('Left'), sg.T(' '  * 15), sg.RealtimeButton('Right')],      
                 [sg.T(' '  * 10), sg.RealtimeButton('Reverse')],      
                 [sg.T('')],      
                 [sg.Quit(button_color=('black', 'orange'))]      
                 ]      
      
    window = sg.Window('Robotics Remote Control', layout, auto_size_text=True)    
      
    #      
    # Some place later in your code...      
    # You need to perform a Read or Refresh on your window every now and then or    
    # else it will appear your program has hung      
    #      
    # your program's main loop      
    while (True):      
        # This is the code that reads and updates your window      
        event, values = window.Read(timeout=10)      
        if event is not None:      
            print(event)      
        if event == 'Quit'  or values is None:      
            break      
      
    window.Close()   # Don't forget to close your window!      
```      
   
      
## OneLineProgressMeter      
      
This recipe shows just how easy it is to add a progress meter to your code.      
      
![onelineprogressmeter](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/45589254-bd285900-b8f0-11e8-9122-b43f06bf074d.jpg)      
      
```python      
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
      
    for i in range(1000):      
        sg.OneLineProgressMeter('One Line Meter Example', i+1, 1000, 'key')      
```      
      

## Button Graphics (Media Player)      
Buttons can have PNG of GIF images on them.  This Media Player recipe requires 4 images in order to function correctly.  The background is set to the same color as the button background so that they blend together.      
      
![media player](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/43958418-5dd133f2-9c79-11e8-9432-0a67007e85ac.jpg)      
      

```python

#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
    import PySimpleGUI as sg
else:
    import PySimpleGUI27 as sg

#
# An Async Demonstration of a media player
# Uses button images for a super snazzy look
# See how it looks here:
# https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/43159403-45c9726e-8f50-11e8-9da0-0d272e20c579.jpg
#
def MediaPlayerGUI():
    background = '#F0F0F0'
    # Set the backgrounds the same as the background on the buttons
    sg.SetOptions(background_color=background, element_background_color=background)
    # Images are located in a subfolder in the Demo Media Player.py folder
    image_pause = './ButtonGraphics/Pause.png'
    image_restart = './ButtonGraphics/Restart.png'
    image_next = './ButtonGraphics/Next.png'
    image_exit = './ButtonGraphics/Exit.png'

    # A text element that will be changed to display messages in the GUI


    # define layout of the rows
    layout= [[sg.Text('Media File Player',size=(17,1), font=("Helvetica", 25))],
             [sg.Text('', size=(15, 2), font=("Helvetica", 14), key='output')],
             [sg.Button('', button_color=(background,background),
                                image_filename=image_restart, image_size=(50, 50), image_subsample=2, border_width=0, key='Restart Song'),
                                sg.Text(' ' * 2),
              sg.Button('', button_color=(background,background),
                                image_filename=image_pause, image_size=(50, 50), image_subsample=2, border_width=0, key='Pause'),
                                sg.Text(' ' * 2),
              sg.Button('', button_color=(background,background), image_filename=image_next, image_size=(50, 50), image_subsample=2, border_width=0, key='Next'),
                                sg.Text(' ' * 2),
              sg.Text(' ' * 2), sg.Button('', button_color=(background,background),
                                image_filename=image_exit, image_size=(50, 50), image_subsample=2, border_width=0, key='Exit')],
             [sg.Text('_'*20)],
             [sg.Text(' '*30)],
            [
             sg.Slider(range=(-10, 10), default_value=0, size=(10, 20), orientation='vertical', font=("Helvetica", 15)),
             sg.Text(' ' * 2),
             sg.Slider(range=(-10, 10), default_value=0, size=(10, 20), orientation='vertical', font=("Helvetica", 15)),
             sg.Text(' ' * 2),
             sg.Slider(range=(-10, 10), default_value=0, size=(10, 20), orientation='vertical', font=("Helvetica", 15))],
             [sg.Text('   Bass', font=("Helvetica", 15), size=(9, 1)),
             sg.Text('Treble', font=("Helvetica", 15), size=(7, 1)),
             sg.Text('Volume', font=("Helvetica", 15), size=(7, 1))]
             ]

    # Open a form, note that context manager can't be used generally speaking for async forms
    window = sg.Window('Media File Player', layout, auto_size_text=True, default_element_size=(20, 1),
                       font=("Helvetica", 25))
    # Our event loop
    while(True):
        event, values = window.Read(timeout=100)        # Poll every 100 ms
        if event == 'Exit' or event is None:
            break
        # If a button was pressed, display it on the GUI by updating the text element
        if event != sg.TIMEOUT_KEY:
            window.Element('output').Update(event)

MediaPlayerGUI()
```

## Script Launcher - Persistent Window    
This Window doesn't close after button clicks.  To achieve this the buttons are specified as `sg.Button` instead of `sg.Button`.   The exception to this is the EXIT button.  Clicking it will close the window.  This program will run commands and display the output in the scrollable window.    
      
![launcher 2](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/43958519-b30af218-9c79-11e8-88da-fadc69da818c.jpg)      

```python      
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
    import subprocess      
      
    # Please check Demo programs for better examples of launchers      
    def ExecuteCommandSubprocess(command, *args):      
        try:      
            sp = subprocess.Popen([command, *args], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)      
            out, err = sp.communicate()      
            if out:      
                print(out.decode("utf-8"))      
            if err:      
                print(err.decode("utf-8"))      
        except:      
            pass      
      
      
    layout = [      
        [sg.Text('Script output....', size=(40, 1))],      
        [sg.Output(size=(88, 20))],      
        [sg.Button('script1'), sg.Button('script2'), sg.Button('EXIT')],      
        [sg.Text('Manual command', size=(15, 1)), sg.InputText(focus=True), sg.Button('Run', bind_return_key=True)]      
            ]      
      
      
    window = sg.Window('Script launcher', layout)      
      
    # ---===--- Loop taking in user input and using it to call scripts --- #      
      
    while True:      
      (event, value) = window.Read()      
      if event == 'EXIT'  or event is None:      
          break # exit button clicked      
      if event == 'script1':      
          ExecuteCommandSubprocess('pip', 'list')      
      elif event == 'script2':      
          ExecuteCommandSubprocess('python', '--version')      
      elif event == 'Run':      
          ExecuteCommandSubprocess(value[0])      
```    
     

## Launch a Program With a Button

Very simple script that will launch a program as a subprocess.  Great for making a desktop launcher toolbar.

```python
import subprocess  
import PySimpleGUI as sg  
  
CHROME = r"C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe"  
  
  
layout = [  [sg.Text('Text area', key='_TEXT_')],  
            [sg.Input(do_not_clear=True, key='_URL_')],  
            [sg.Button('Chrome'), sg.Button('Exit')]]  
  
window = sg.Window('Window Title', layuout)  
  
while True:             # Event Loop  
  event, values = window.Read()  
    print(event, values)  
    if event is None or event == 'Exit':  
        break  
 if event == 'Chrome':  
        sp = subprocess.Popen([CHROME, values['_URL_']], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)  
  
window.Close()
```

## Machine Learning GUI      
A standard non-blocking GUI with lots of inputs.      
      
![machine learning green](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/43979000-408b77ba-9cb7-11e8-9ffd-24c156767532.jpg)      
```python     
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
      
    # Green & tan color scheme      
    sg.ChangeLookAndFeel('GreenTan')      
      
    sg.SetOptions(text_justification='right')      
      
    layout = [[sg.Text('Machine Learning Command Line Parameters', font=('Helvetica', 16))],      
              [sg.Text('Passes', size=(15, 1)), sg.Spin(values=[i for i in range(1, 1000)], initial_value=20, size=(6, 1)),      
               sg.Text('Steps', size=(18, 1)), sg.Spin(values=[i for i in range(1, 1000)], initial_value=20, size=(6, 1))],      
              [sg.Text('ooa', size=(15, 1)), sg.In(default_text='6', size=(10, 1)), sg.Text('nn', size=(15, 1)),      
               sg.In(default_text='10', size=(10, 1))],      
              [sg.Text('q', size=(15, 1)), sg.In(default_text='ff', size=(10, 1)), sg.Text('ngram', size=(15, 1)),      
               sg.In(default_text='5', size=(10, 1))],      
              [sg.Text('l', size=(15, 1)), sg.In(default_text='0.4', size=(10, 1)), sg.Text('Layers', size=(15, 1)),      
               sg.Drop(values=('BatchNorm', 'other'), auto_size_text=True)],      
              [sg.Text('_'  * 100, size=(65, 1))],      
              [sg.Text('Flags', font=('Helvetica', 15), justification='left')],      
              [sg.Checkbox('Normalize', size=(12, 1), default=True), sg.Checkbox('Verbose', size=(20, 1))],      
              [sg.Checkbox('Cluster', size=(12, 1)), sg.Checkbox('Flush Output', size=(20, 1), default=True)],      
              [sg.Checkbox('Write Results', size=(12, 1)), sg.Checkbox('Keep Intermediate Data', size=(20, 1))],      
              [sg.Text('_'  * 100, size=(65, 1))],      
              [sg.Text('Loss Functions', font=('Helvetica', 15), justification='left')],      
              [sg.Radio('Cross-Entropy', 'loss', size=(12, 1)), sg.Radio('Logistic', 'loss', default=True, size=(12, 1))],      
              [sg.Radio('Hinge', 'loss', size=(12, 1)), sg.Radio('Huber', 'loss', size=(12, 1))],      
              [sg.Radio('Kullerback', 'loss', size=(12, 1)), sg.Radio('MAE(L1)', 'loss', size=(12, 1))],      
              [sg.Radio('MSE(L2)', 'loss', size=(12, 1)), sg.Radio('MB(L0)', 'loss', size=(12, 1))],      
              [sg.Submit(), sg.Cancel()]]      
      
    window = sg.Window('Machine Learning Front End', layout, font=("Helvetica", 12))      
      
    event, values = window.Read()      
```
      
-------      
## Custom Progress Meter / Progress Bar      
Perhaps you don't want all the statistics that the EasyProgressMeter provides and want to create your own progress bar. Use this recipe to do just that.      
      
![custom progress meter](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/43982958-3393b23e-9cc6-11e8-8b49-e7f4890cbc4b.jpg)      
      
      
```python
import PySimpleGUI as sg

# layout the Window
layout = [[sg.Text('A custom progress meter')],
          [sg.ProgressBar(1000, orientation='h', size=(20, 20), key='progbar')],
          [sg.Cancel()]]

# create the Window
window = sg.Window('Custom Progress Meter', layout)
# loop that would normally do something useful
for i in range(1000):
    # check to see if the cancel button was clicked and exit loop if clicked
    event, values = window.Read(timeout=0)
    if event == 'Cancel' or event is None:
        break
        # update bar with loop value +1 so that bar eventually reaches the maximum
    window.Element('progbar').UpdateBar(i + 1)
# done with loop... need to destroy the window as it's still open
window.Close()
``` 
      
      
   ----      
      
## The One-Line GUI      
      
For those of you into super-compact code, a complete customized GUI can be specified, shown, and received the results using a single line of Python code.    
      
      
![simple](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/44227935-ecb53b80-a161-11e8-968b-b3f963404dec.jpg)      
      
      
Instead of      
```python      
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
      
    layout = [[sg.Text('Filename')],      
              [sg.Input(), sg.FileBrowse()],      
              [sg.OK(), sg.Cancel()]]      
      
    event, (number,) = sg.Window('Get filename example', layout).Read()  
```      
you can write this line of code for the exact same result (OK, two lines with the import):      
```python      
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
      
    event, (filename,) = sg.Window('Get filename example').Layout(      
        [[sg.Text('Filename')], [sg.Input(), sg.FileBrowse()], [sg.OK(), sg.Cancel()]]).Read()  
```      

   
## Multiple Columns      
  
A Column is required when you have a tall element to the left of smaller elements.      
      
In this example, there is a Listbox on the left that is 3 rows high.  To the right of it are 3 single rows of text and input. These 3 rows are in a Column Element.      
      
To make it easier to see the Column in the window, the Column background has been shaded blue.  The code is wordier than normal due to the blue shading.  Each element in the column needs to have the color set to match blue background.      
      
![cookbook columns](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/45309948-f6c52280-b4f2-11e8-8691-a45fa0e06c50.jpg)      
      
      
```python      
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
      
    # Demo of how columns work      
    # GUI has on row 1 a vertical slider followed by a COLUMN with 7 rows    
    # Prior to the Column element, this layout was not possible      
    # Columns layouts look identical to GUI layouts, they are a list of lists of elements.    
      
    sg.ChangeLookAndFeel('BlueMono')      
      
    # Column layout      
    col = [[sg.Text('col Row 1', text_color='white', background_color='blue')],      
           [sg.Text('col Row 2', text_color='white', background_color='blue'), sg.Input('col input 1')],      
           [sg.Text('col Row 3', text_color='white', background_color='blue'), sg.Input('col input 2')]]      
      
    layout = [[sg.Listbox(values=('Listbox Item 1', 'Listbox Item 2', 'Listbox Item 3'), select_mode=sg.LISTBOX_SELECT_MODE_MULTIPLE, size=(20,3)), sg.Column(col, background_color='blue')],      
              [sg.Input('Last input')],      
              [sg.OK()]]      
      
    # Display the Window and get values    
      
    event, values = sg.Window('Compact 1-line Window with column', layout).Read()  
      
    sg.Popup(event, values, line_width=200)      
```      
      
## Persistent Window With Text Element Updates    
      
This simple program keep a window open, taking input values until the user terminates the program using the "X" button.    
      
![math game](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/44537842-c9444080-a6cd-11e8-94bc-6cdf1b765dd8.jpg)      
      
      
 ```python     
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
      
    layout = [ [sg.Txt('Enter values to calculate')],      
               [sg.In(size=(8,1), key='numerator')],      
               [sg.Txt('_'  * 10)],      
               [sg.In(size=(8,1), key='denominator')],      
               [sg.Txt('', size=(8,1), key='output')  ],      
               [sg.Button('Calculate', bind_return_key=True)]]      
      
    window = sg.Window('Math', layout)      
      
    while True:      
        event, values = window.Read()      
      
        if event is not None:      
            try:      
                numerator = float(values['numerator'])      
                denominator = float(values['denominator'])      
                calc = numerator / denominator      
            except:      
                calc = 'Invalid'      
      
            window.Element('output').Update(calc)      
        else:      
            break      
```      
      
## One Element Updating  Another - Compound Elements

![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/49649095-1be40700-f9f6-11e8-981e-f56eb8404ae7.png)
   
You can easily build "compound elements" in a single like of code.  This recipe shows you how to add a numeric value onto a slider.

```python
import PySimpleGUI as sg  
  
layout = [[sg.Text('Slider Demonstration'), sg.Text('', key='_OUTPUT_')],  
            [sg.T('0',key='_LEFT_'),  
             sg.Slider((1,100), key='_SLIDER_', orientation='h', enable_events=True, disable_number_display=True),  
             sg.T('0', key='_RIGHT_')],  
            [sg.Button('Show'), sg.Button('Exit')]]  
  
window = sg.Window('Window Title', layout)  
  
while True:             # Event Loop  
  event, values = window.Read()  
    print(event, values)  
    if event is None or event == 'Exit':  
        break  
  window.Element('_LEFT_').Update(values['_SLIDER_'])  
    window.Element('_RIGHT_').Update(values['_SLIDER_'])  
  
window.Close()
```


## Multiple Windows

This recipe is a design pattern for multiple windows where the first window is not active while the second window is showing.  The first window is hidden to discourage continued interaction.


```Python
"""  
 PySimpleGUI The Complete Course Lesson 7 - Multiple Windows"""  
import PySimpleGUI as sg  
  
# Design pattern 1 - First window does not remain active  
  
layout = [[ sg.Text('Window 1'),],  
          [sg.Input(do_not_clear=True)],  
          [sg.Text('', key='_OUTPUT_')],  
          [sg.Button('Launch 2')]]  
  
win1 = sg.Window('Window 1', layout)  
win2_active=False  
while True:  
    ev1, vals1 = win1.Read(timeout=100)  
    if ev1 is None:  
        break  
  win1.Element('_OUTPUT_').Update(vals1[0])  
  
    if ev1 == 'Launch 2'  and not win2_active:  
        win2_active = True  
  win1.Hide()  
        layout2 = [[sg.Text('Window 2')],       # note must create a layout from scratch every time. No reuse  
  [sg.Button('Exit')]]  
  
        win2 = sg.Window('Window 2', layout2)  
        while True:  
            ev2, vals2 = win2.Read()  
            if ev2 is None or ev2 == 'Exit':  
                win2.Close()  
                win2_active = False  
  win1.UnHide()  
                break
```
   
## tkinter Canvas Widget      
      
The Canvas Element is one of the few tkinter objects that are directly accessible.  The tkinter Canvas widget itself can be retrieved from a Canvas Element like this:      
```python      
    can = sg.Canvas(size=(100,100))      
    tkcanvas = can.TKCanvas      
    tkcanvas.create_oval(50, 50, 100, 100)      
```
      
While it's fun to scribble on a Canvas Widget, try Graph Element makes it a downright pleasant experience.  You do not have to worry about the tkinter coordinate system and can instead work in your own coordinate system.      
      
      
![canvas](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/44632429-5266ac00-a948-11e8-9ee0-664103c40178.jpg)      
      
  ```python    
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
      
    layout = [      
        [sg.Canvas(size=(100, 100), background_color='red', key= 'canvas')],      
        [sg.T('Change circle color to:'), sg.Button('Red'), sg.Button('Blue')]      
        ]      
      
    window = sg.Window('Canvas test', layout)      
    window.Finalize()      
      
    canvas = window.Element('canvas')      
    cir = canvas.TKCanvas.create_oval(50, 50, 100, 100)      
      
    while True:      
        event, values = window.Read()      
        if event is None:      
            break      
        if event == 'Blue':      
            canvas.TKCanvas.itemconfig(cir, fill="Blue")      
        elif event == 'Red':      
            canvas.TKCanvas.itemconfig(cir, fill="Red")      
```            
      
## Graph Element - drawing circle, rectangle, etc, objects      
      
Just like you can draw on a tkinter widget, you can also draw on a Graph Element.  Graph Elements are easier on the programmer as you get to work in your own coordinate system.      
      
![graph recipe](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/45920640-751bb000-be75-11e8-9530-45b71cbae07d.jpg)      
      
```python      
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
      
    layout = [      
               [sg.Graph(canvas_size=(400, 400), graph_bottom_left=(0,0), graph_top_right=(400, 400), background_color='red', key='graph')],      
               [sg.T('Change circle color to:'), sg.Button('Red'), sg.Button('Blue'), sg.Button('Move')]      
               ]      
      
    window = sg.Window('Graph test', layout)      
    window.Finalize()      
      
    graph = window.Element('graph')      
    circle = graph.DrawCircle((75,75), 25, fill_color='black',line_color='white')      
    point = graph.DrawPoint((75,75), 10, color='green')      
    oval = graph.DrawOval((25,300), (100,280), fill_color='purple', line_color='purple'  )      
    rectangle = graph.DrawRectangle((25,300), (100,280), line_color='purple'  )      
    line = graph.DrawLine((0,0), (100,100))      
      
    while True:      
        event, values = window.Read()      
        if event is None:      
            break      
        if event is 'Blue':      
            graph.TKCanvas.itemconfig(circle, fill = "Blue")      
        elif event is 'Red':      
            graph.TKCanvas.itemconfig(circle, fill = "Red")      
        elif event is 'Move':      
            graph.MoveFigure(point, 10,10)      
            graph.MoveFigure(circle, 10,10)      
            graph.MoveFigure(oval, 10,10)      
            graph.MoveFigure(rectangle, 10,10)      
```      
      
## Keypad Touchscreen Entry - Input Element Update      
      
This Recipe implements a Raspberry Pi touchscreen based keypad entry.  As the digits are entered using the buttons, the Input Element above it is updated with the input digits.      
There are a number of features used in this Recipe including:      
* Default Element Size      
* auto_size_buttons      
* Button      
* Dictionary Return values      
* Update of Elements in window (Input, Text)    
* do_not_clear of Input Elements      
      
      
![keypad 2](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/44640891-57504d80-a992-11e8-93f4-4e97e586505e.jpg)      
      
      
  ```python    
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
      
    # Demonstrates a number of PySimpleGUI features including:      
    #   Default element size      
    #   auto_size_buttons      
    #   Button      
    #   Dictionary return values      
    #   Update of elements in window (Text, Input)    
    #   do_not_clear of Input elements      
      
    layout = [[sg.Text('Enter Your Passcode')],      
              [sg.Input(size=(10, 1), do_not_clear=True, justification='right', key='input')],      
              [sg.Button('1'), sg.Button('2'), sg.Button('3')],      
              [sg.Button('4'), sg.Button('5'), sg.Button('6')],      
              [sg.Button('7'), sg.Button('8'), sg.Button('9')],      
              [sg.Button('Submit'), sg.Button('0'), sg.Button('Clear')],      
              [sg.Text('', size=(15, 1), font=('Helvetica', 18), text_color='red', key='out')],      
              ]      
      
    window = sg.Window('Keypad', layout, default_button_element_size=(5, 2), auto_size_buttons=False, grab_anywhere=False)
      
    # Loop forever reading the window's values, updating the Input field    
    keys_entered = ''      
    while True:      
        event, values = window.Read()  # read the window    
        if event is None:  # if the X button clicked, just exit      
            break      
        if event == 'Clear':  # clear keys if clear button      
           keys_entered = ''      
        elif event in '1234567890':      
           keys_entered = values['input']  # get what's been entered so far      
           keys_entered += event  # add the new digit      
        elif event == 'Submit':      
           keys_entered = values['input']      
           window.Element('out').Update(keys_entered)  # output the final string      
      
        window.Element('input').Update(keys_entered)  # change the window to reflect current key string    
```


      
## Animated Matplotlib Graph      
      
Use the Canvas Element to create an animated graph.  The code is a bit tricky to follow, but if you know Matplotlib then this recipe shouldn't be too difficult to copy and modify.      
      
![animated matplotlib](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/44640937-91b9ea80-a992-11e8-9c1c-85ae74013679.jpg)      
      
      
```python
from tkinter import *
from random import randint
import PySimpleGUI as sg
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg, FigureCanvasAgg
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import matplotlib.backends.tkagg as tkagg
import tkinter as Tk

fig = Figure()

ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.set_xlabel("X axis")
ax.set_ylabel("Y axis")
ax.grid()

layout = [[sg.Text('Animated Matplotlib', size=(40, 1), justification='center', font='Helvetica 20')],
          [sg.Canvas(size=(640, 480), key='canvas')],
          [sg.Button('Exit', size=(10, 2), pad=((280, 0), 3), font='Helvetica 14')]]

# create the window and show it without the plot    


window = sg.Window('Demo Application - Embedding Matplotlib In PySimpleGUI', layout)
window.Finalize()  # needed to access the canvas element prior to reading the window

canvas_elem = window.Element('canvas')

graph = FigureCanvasTkAgg(fig, master=canvas_elem.TKCanvas)
canvas = canvas_elem.TKCanvas

dpts = [randint(0, 10) for x in range(10000)]
# Our event loop      
for i in range(len(dpts)):
    event, values = window.Read(timeout=20)
    if event == 'Exit' or event is None:
        exit(69)

    ax.cla()
    ax.grid()

    ax.plot(range(20), dpts[i:i + 20], color='purple')
    graph.draw()
    figure_x, figure_y, figure_w, figure_h = fig.bbox.bounds
    figure_w, figure_h = int(figure_w), int(figure_h)
    photo = Tk.PhotoImage(master=canvas, width=figure_w, height=figure_h)

    canvas.create_image(640 / 2, 480 / 2, image=photo)

    figure_canvas_agg = FigureCanvasAgg(fig)
    figure_canvas_agg.draw()

    tkagg.blit(photo, figure_canvas_agg.get_renderer()._renderer, colormode=2)      

```
      
      
## Tight Layout with Button States      
      
Saw this example layout written in tkinter and liked it so much I duplicated the interface.  It's "tight", clean, and has a nice dark look and feel.      
      
This Recipe also contains code that implements the button interactions so that you'll have a template to build from.      
      
In other GUI frameworks this program would be most likely "event driven" with callback functions being used to communicate button events.  The "event loop" would be handled by the GUI engine.  If code already existed that used a call-back mechanism, the loop in the example code below could simply call these callback functions directly based on the button text it receives in the window.Read call.      
      
![timemanagement](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/44996818-0f27c100-af78-11e8-8836-9ef6164efe3b.jpg)      
      
```python      
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
    """      
    Demonstrates using a "tight" layout with a Dark theme.      
    Shows how button states can be controlled by a user application.  The program manages the disabled/enabled      
    states for buttons and changes the text color to show greyed-out (disabled) buttons      
    """      
      
    sg.ChangeLookAndFeel('Dark')      
    sg.SetOptions(element_padding=(0,0))      
      
    layout = [[sg.T('User:', pad=((3,0),0)), sg.OptionMenu(values = ('User 1', 'User 2'), size=(20,1)), sg.T('0', size=(8,1))],      
              [sg.T('Customer:', pad=((3,0),0)), sg.OptionMenu(values=('Customer 1', 'Customer 2'), size=(20,1)), sg.T('1', size=(8,1))],      
              [sg.T('Notes:', pad=((3,0),0)), sg.In(size=(44,1), background_color='white', text_color='black')],      
              [sg.Button('Start', button_color=('white', 'black'), key='Start'),      
               sg.Button('Stop', button_color=('white', 'black'), key='Stop'),      
               sg.Button('Reset', button_color=('white', 'firebrick3'), key='Reset'),      
               sg.Button('Submit', button_color=('white', 'springgreen4'), key='Submit')]      
              ]      
      
    window = sg.Window("Time Tracker", layout, default_element_size=(12,1), text_justification='r', auto_size_text=False, auto_size_buttons=False,      
                       default_button_element_size=(12,1))      
    window.Finalize()      
    window.Element('Stop').Update(disabled=True)      
    window.Element('Reset').Update(disabled=True)      
    window.Element('Submit').Update(disabled=True)      
    recording = have_data = False      
    while True:      
        event, values = window.Read()      
        print(event)      
        if event is None:      
            exit(69)      
        if event is 'Start':      
            window.Element('Start').Update(disabled=True)      
            window.Element('Stop').Update(disabled=False)      
            window.Element('Reset').Update(disabled=False)      
            window.Element('Submit').Update(disabled=True)      
            recording = True      
         elif event is 'Stop'  and recording:      
            window.Element('Stop').Update(disabled=True)      
            window.Element('Start').Update(disabled=False)      
            window.Element('Submit').Update(disabled=False)      
            recording = False      
            have_data = True      
         elif event is 'Reset':      
            window.Element('Stop').Update(disabled=True)      
            window.Element('Start').Update(disabled=False)      
            window.Element('Submit').Update(disabled=True)      
            window.Element('Reset').Update(disabled=False)      
            recording = False      
            have_data = False      
         elif event is 'Submit'  and have_data:      
            window.Element('Stop').Update(disabled=True)      
            window.Element('Start').Update(disabled=False)      
            window.Element('Submit').Update(disabled=True)      
            window.Element('Reset').Update(disabled=False)      
            recording = False      
```      
      
## Password Protection For Scripts      
      
You get 2 scripts in one.      
      
Use the upper half to generate your hash code.  Then paste it into the code in the lower half.  Copy and paste lower 1/2 into your code to get password protection for your script without putting the password into your source code.      
      
![password entry](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/45129440-ab58f000-b151-11e8-8ebe-e519a50b3ead.jpg)      
      
![password hash](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/45129441-ab58f000-b151-11e8-8a46-c2789bb7824e.jpg)      
      
```python
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
    import hashlib      
      
    '''      
         Create a secure login for your scripts without having to include your password    in the program.  Create an SHA1 hash code for your password using the GUI. Paste into variable in final program      
         1. Choose a password      
         2. Generate a hash code for your chosen password by running program and entering 'gui' as the password      
         3. Type password into the GUI      
         4. Copy and paste hash code Window GUI into variable named login_password_hash    
         5. Run program again and test your login!      
    '''      
      
    # Use this GUI to get your password's hash code      
    def HashGeneratorGUI():      
        layout = [[sg.T('Password Hash Generator', size=(30,1), font='Any 15')],      
                  [sg.T('Password'), sg.In(key='password')],      
                  [sg.T('SHA Hash'), sg.In('', size=(40,1), key='hash')],      
                  ]      
      
        window = sg.Window('SHA Generator', layout, auto_size_text=False, default_element_size=(10,1),      
                           text_justification='r', return_keyboard_events=True, grab_anywhere=False)  
      
      
        while True:      
            event, values = window.Read()      
            if event is None:      
                  exit(69)      
      
            password = values['password']      
            try:      
                password_utf = password.encode('utf-8')      
                sha1hash = hashlib.sha1()      
                sha1hash.update(password_utf)      
                password_hash = sha1hash.hexdigest()      
                window.Element('hash').Update(password_hash)      
            except:      
                pass      
      
    # ----------------------------- Paste this code into your program / script -----------------------------      
    # determine if a password matches the secret password by comparing SHA1 hash codes      
    def PasswordMatches(password, hash):      
        password_utf = password.encode('utf-8')      
        sha1hash = hashlib.sha1()      
        sha1hash.update(password_utf)      
        password_hash = sha1hash.hexdigest()      
        if password_hash == hash:      
            return True      
         else:      
            return False      
      
    login_password_hash = '5baa61e4c9b93f3f0682250b6cf8331b7ee68fd8'      
    password = sg.PopupGetText('Password', password_char='*')      
    if password == 'gui':                # Remove when pasting into your program      
      HashGeneratorGUI()               # Remove when pasting into your program      
      exit(69)                         # Remove when pasting into your program      
    if PasswordMatches(password, login_password_hash):      
        print('Login SUCCESSFUL')      
    else:      
        print('Login FAILED!!')      
```      
      
## Desktop Floating Toolbar      
      
#### Hiding your windows commmand window      
For this and the Time & CPU Widgets you may wish to consider using a tool or technique that will hide your Windows Command Prompt window.  I recommend the techniques found on this site:      
      
[http://www.robvanderwoude.com/battech_hideconsole.php](http://www.robvanderwoude.com/battech_hideconsole.php)      
      
At the moment I'm using the technique that involves wscript and a script named RunNHide.vbs.  They are working beautifully.  I'm using a hotkey program and launch by using this script with the command "python.exe insert_program_here.py".   I guess the next widget should be one that shows all the programs launched this way so you can kill any bad ones.  If you don't properly catch the exit button on your window then your while loop is going to keep on working while your window is no longer there so be careful in your code to always have exit explicitly handled.    
      
      
### Floating toolbar      
      
This is a cool one!  (Sorry about the code pastes... I'm working in it)      
      
Impress your friends at what a tool-wizard you are by popping a custom toolbar that you keep in the corner of your screen.  It stays on top of all your other windows.      
      
      
      
      
![toolbar gray](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/45324308-bfb73700-b51b-11e8-90e7-ab24f3d6e61d.jpg)      
      
You can easily change colors to match your background by changing a couple of parameters in the code.      
      
![toolbar black](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/45324307-bfb73700-b51b-11e8-8709-6c3c23f737c4.jpg)      
      
```python      
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
    import subprocess      
    import os      
    import sys      
      
    """      
     Demo_Toolbar - A floating toolbar with quick launcher     One cool PySimpleGUI demo. Shows borderless windows, grab_anywhere, tight button layout      
     You can setup a specific program to launch when a button is clicked, or use the Combobox to select a .py file found in the root folder, and run that file.  """      
      
    ROOT_PATH = './'      
      
    def Launcher():      
      
        def print(line):      
            window.Element('output').Update(line)      
      
        sg.ChangeLookAndFeel('Dark')      
      
        namesonly = [f for f in os.listdir(ROOT_PATH) if f.endswith('.py') ]      
      
        sg.SetOptions(element_padding=(0,0), button_element_size=(12,1), auto_size_buttons=False)      
        layout =  [[sg.Combo(values=namesonly, size=(35,30), key='demofile'),      
                    sg.Button('Run', button_color=('white', '#00168B')),      
                    sg.Button('Program 1'),      
                    sg.Button('Program 2'),      
                    sg.Button('Program 3', button_color=('white', '#35008B')),      
                    sg.Button('EXIT', button_color=('white','firebrick3'))],      
                    [sg.T('', text_color='white', size=(50,1), key='output')]]      
      
        window = sg.Window('Floating Toolbar', layout, no_titlebar=True, keep_on_top=True)
      
        # ---===--- Loop taking in user input (events) --- #      
        while True:      
            (event, value) = window.Read()      
            if event ==  'EXIT'  or event is None:      
                break # exit button clicked      
            if event ==  'Program 1':      
                print('Run your program 1 here!')      
            elif event ==  'Program 2':      
                print('Run your program 2 here!')      
            elif event ==  'Run':      
                file = value['demofile']      
                print('Launching %s'%file)      
                ExecuteCommandSubprocess('python', os.path.join(ROOT_PATH, file))      
            else:      
                print(event)      
      
    def ExecuteCommandSubprocess(command, *args, wait=False):      
        try:      
            if sys.platwindow == 'linux':      
                arg_string = ''      
                for arg in args:      
                     arg_string += ' '  + str(arg)      
                sp = subprocess.Popen(['python3'  + arg_string, ], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)      
            else:      
                sp = subprocess.Popen([command, list(args)], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)      
      
            if wait:      
                out, err = sp.communicate()      
                if out:      
                    print(out.decode("utf-8"))      
                if err:      
                    print(err.decode("utf-8"))      
        except: pass      
      
      
      
    if __name__ == '__main__':      
        Launcher()      
```      
      
      
      
## Desktop Floating Widget - Timer      
      
This is a little widget you can leave running on your desktop.  Will hopefully see more of these for things like checking email, checking server pings, displaying system information, dashboards, etc      
.      
Much of the code is handling the button states in a fancy way.  It could be much simpler if you don't change the button text based on state.      
      
![timer](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/45336349-26a31300-b551-11e8-8b06-d1232ff8ca10.jpg)      
      
```python
import sys
if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
    import PySimpleGUI as sg
else:
    import PySimpleGUI27 as sg
import time

"""
 Timer Desktop Widget Creates a floating timer that is always on top of other windows You move it by grabbing anywhere on the window Good example of how to do a non-blocking, polling program using SimpleGUI Can be used to poll hardware when running on a Pi
 
 While the timer ticks are being generated by PySimpleGUI's "timeout" mechanism, the actual value
  of the timer that is displayed comes from the system timer, time.time().  This guarantees an
  accurate time value is displayed regardless of the accuracy of the PySimpleGUI timer tick. If
  this design were not used, then the time value displayed would slowly drift by the amount of time
  it takes to execute the PySimpleGUI read and update calls (not good!)     
 
 NOTE - you will get a warning message printed when you exit using exit button.
 It will look something like: invalid command name \"1616802625480StopMove\"
"""


# ----------------  Create Form  ----------------
sg.ChangeLookAndFeel('Black')
sg.SetOptions(element_padding=(0, 0))

layout = [[sg.Text('')],
         [sg.Text('', size=(8, 2), font=('Helvetica', 20), justification='center', key='text')],
         [sg.Button('Pause', key='button', button_color=('white', '#001480')),
          sg.Button('Reset', button_color=('white', '#007339'), key='Reset'),
          sg.Exit(button_color=('white', 'firebrick4'), key='Exit')]]

window = sg.Window('Running Timer', layout, no_titlebar=True, auto_size_buttons=False, keep_on_top=True, grab_anywhere=True)

# ----------------  main loop  ----------------
current_time = 0
paused = False
start_time = int(round(time.time() * 100))
while (True):
    # --------- Read and update window --------
    if not paused:
        event, values = window.Read(timeout=10)
        current_time = int(round(time.time() * 100)) - start_time
    else:
        event, values = window.Read()
    if event == 'button':
        event = window.Element(event).GetText()
    # --------- Do Button Operations --------
    if event is None or event == 'Exit':        # ALWAYS give a way out of program
        break
    if event is 'Reset':
        start_time = int(round(time.time() * 100))
        current_time = 0
        paused_time = start_time
    elif event == 'Pause':
        paused = True
        paused_time = int(round(time.time() * 100))
        element = window.Element('button')
        element.Update(text='Run')
    elif event == 'Run':
        paused = False
        start_time = start_time + int(round(time.time() * 100)) - paused_time
        element = window.Element('button')
        element.Update(text='Pause')

    # --------- Display timer in window --------
    window.Element('text').Update('{:02d}:{:02d}.{:02d}'.format((current_time // 100) // 60,
                                                                  (current_time // 100) % 60,
                                                                  current_time % 100))
```

      
## Desktop Floating Widget - CPU Utilization      
      
Like the Timer widget above, this script can be kept running.  You will need the package psutil installed in order to run this Recipe.    
  
The spinner changes the number of seconds between reads.  Note that you will get an error message printed when exiting because the window does not have have a titlebar.  It's a known problem.      
      
      
![cpu widget 2](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/45456096-77348080-b6b7-11e8-8906-6663c31ad0eb.jpg)      
      
      
      
```python
import PySimpleGUI as sg
import psutil

# ----------------  Create Window  ----------------
sg.ChangeLookAndFeel('Black')
layout = [[sg.Text('')],
          [sg.Text('', size=(8, 2), font=('Helvetica', 20), justification='center', key='text')],
          [sg.Exit(button_color=('white', 'firebrick4'), pad=((15, 0), 0)),
           sg.Spin([x + 1 for x in range(10)], 1, key='spin')]]

window = sg.Window('Running Timer', layout, no_titlebar=True, auto_size_buttons=False, keep_on_top=True,
                   grab_anywhere=True)

# ----------------  main loop  ----------------
while (True):
    # --------- Read and update window --------
    event, values = window.Read(timeout=0)

    # --------- Do Button Operations --------
    if event is None or event == 'Exit':
        break
    try:
        interval = int(values['spin'])
    except:
        interval = 1

    cpu_percent = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=interval)

    # --------- Display timer in window --------

    window.Element('text').Update(f'CPU {cpu_percent:02.0f}%')

# Broke out of main loop. Close the window.
window.Close()
``` 
      
## Menus      
      
Menus are nothing more than buttons that live in a menu-bar.  When you click on a menu item, you get back a "button" with that menu item's text, just as you would had that text been on a button.      
      
Menu's are defined separately from the GUI window.  To add one to your window, simply insert sg.Menu(menu_layout).  The menu definition is a list of menu choices and submenus.  They are a list of lists.  Copy the Recipe and play with it.  You'll eventually get when you're looking for.    
      
If you double click the dashed line at the top of the list of choices, that menu will tear off and become a floating toolbar.  How cool!  To enable this feature, set the parameter `tearoff=True` in your call to `sg.Menu()`  
      
      
![tear off](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/45307668-9aabcf80-b4ed-11e8-9b2b-8564d4bf82a8.jpg)      
      
      
```python      
    import PySimpleGUI as sg      
      
    sg.ChangeLookAndFeel('LightGreen')      
    sg.SetOptions(element_padding=(0, 0))      
      
    # ------ Menu Definition ------ #      
    menu_def = [['File', ['Open', 'Save', 'Exit'  ]],      
                ['Edit', ['Paste', ['Special', 'Normal', ], 'Undo'], ],      
                ['Help', 'About...'], ]      
      
    # ------ GUI Defintion ------ #      
    layout = [      
        [sg.Menu(menu_def, )],      
        [sg.Output(size=(60, 20))]      
             ]      
      
    window = sg.Window("Windows-like program", layout, default_element_size=(12, 1), auto_size_text=False, auto_size_buttons=False,      
                       default_button_element_size=(12, 1))      
      
    # ------ Loop & Process button menu choices ------ #      
    while True:      
        event, values = window.Read()      
        if event == None or event == 'Exit':      
            break      
        print('Button = ', event)      
        # ------ Process menu choices ------ #      
        if event == 'About...':      
            sg.Popup('About this program', 'Version 1.0', 'PySimpleGUI rocks...')      
        elif event == 'Open':      
            filename = sg.PopupGetFile('file to open', no_window=True)      
            print(filename)      
```
      
## Graphing with Graph Element      
      
Use the Graph Element to draw points, lines, circles, rectangles using ***your***  coordinate systems rather than the underlying graphics coordinates.      
      
In this example we're defining our graph to be from -100, -100 to +100,+100.  That means that zero is in the middle of the drawing.  You define this graph description in your call to Graph.      
  
      
![graph markers](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/46113087-01eaa480-c1bb-11e8-9784-0dbb4ce728b0.jpg)  
      
      
```python  
import math    
import PySimpleGUI as sg    
    
layout = [[sg.Graph(canvas_size=(400, 400), graph_bottom_left=(-105,-105), graph_top_right=(105,105), background_color='white', key='graph', tooltip='This is a cool graph!')],]    
    
window = sg.Window('Graph of Sine Function', layout, grab_anywhere=True).Finalize()    
graph = window.Element('graph')    
    
# Draw axis    
graph.DrawLine((-100,0), (100,0))    
graph.DrawLine((0,-100), (0,100))    
    
for x in range(-100, 101, 20):    
    graph.DrawLine((x,-3), (x,3))    
    if x != 0:    
        graph.DrawText( x, (x,-10), color='green')    
    
for y in range(-100, 101, 20):    
    graph.DrawLine((-3,y), (3,y))    
    if y != 0:    
        graph.DrawText( y, (-10,y), color='blue')    
    
# Draw Graph    
for x in range(-100,100):    
    y = math.sin(x/20)*50    
    graph.DrawCircle((x,y), 1, line_color='red', fill_color='red')    
    
event, values = window.Read()  
```
  
    
      
## Tabs      
  
Tabs bring not only an extra level of sophistication to your window layout, they give you extra room to add more elements.  Tabs are one of the 3 container Elements, Elements that hold or contain other Elements.  The other two are the Column and Frame Elements.  
  
  
![tabs](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13696193/46049479-97732f00-c0fc-11e8-8015-5bbed8bd88bb.jpg)  
  
  
  
```python
import PySimpleGUI as sg    
    
tab1_layout =  [[sg.T('This is inside tab 1')]]    
    
tab2_layout = [[sg.T('This is inside tab 2')],    
               [sg.In(key='in')]]    
    
layout = [[sg.TabGroup([[sg.Tab('Tab 1', tab1_layout, tooltip='tip'), sg.Tab('Tab 2', tab2_layout)]], tooltip='TIP2')],    
          [sg.Button('Read')]]    
    
window = sg.Window('My window with tabs', layout, default_element_size=(12,1))    
    
while True:    
    event, values = window.Read()    
    print(event,values)    
    if event is None:           # always,  always give a way out!    
        break  
```
  
  
  
## Creating a Windows .EXE File      
      
It's possible to create a single .EXE file that can be distributed to Windows users.  There is no requirement to install the Python interpreter on the PC you wish to run it on.  Everything it needs is in the one EXE file, assuming you're running a somewhat up to date version of Windows.      
      
Installation of the packages, you'll need to install PySimpleGUI and PyInstaller (you need to install only once)      
      
    pip install PySimpleGUI      
    pip install PyInstaller      
      
To create your EXE file from your program that uses PySimpleGUI, `my_program.py`,  enter this command in your  Windows command prompt:      
      
    pyinstaller -wF my_program.py      
      
You will be left with a single file, `my_program.exe`, located in a folder named `dist` under the folder where you executed the `pyinstaller` command.      
      
That's all... Run your `my_program.exe` file on the Windows machine of your choosing.      
      
> "It's just that easy."      
>      
(famous last words that screw up just about anything being referenced)      
      
Your EXE file should run without creating a "shell window".  Only the GUI window should show up on your taskbar.
